Ancestors of Frank E. Masland IV

Sybilla married Ralph* De Dene ¹ ^,2 about 1120 in Sussex, England.² Ralph* was born about 1088 in Buckhurst Sussex England.^{¹^,2} Another name for Ralph* was Radulphus.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

He is Knight of Alford, Alvanley, Alderley, and Elford. Their
family included John and Agnes

Sir John de ARDERNE, Knight, of Alford, Alvanely, and Alderly

From Internet sitehttp://sml.simplenet.com/kinnexions/cousinsj.htm#TJefferson

Thomas JEFFERSON (1743-1826), 3rd U. S. President, Vice President,Secretary of State, Minister to France, Governor of Virginia,Continental Congress member, Declaration of Independence author andsigner, Virginia House of Burgesses member, attorney, married MarthaWAYLES SKELTON (1748-1782), who died before his Presidency.

Peter JEFFERSON (1708-1757) and Jane RANDOLPH (1720-1776)
Thomas JEFFERSON, Jr. (c1679-1731) and Mary FIELD (1680-1715)
Thomas JEFFERSON (d. p1697) and Mary BRANCH
Christopher BRANCH, Jr. (1627-1665)
Chirstopher BRANCH (c1603-c1680) and Mary ADDIE
Lionel BRANCH (1566-c1605) and Valentia SPARKES
William BRANCH and Catherine JENNINGS
Thomas JENNINGS and Alice BRIGHT
William JENNINGS and Joan BOSTOCK
George BOSTOCK and Joan HORNE
Hugh BOSTOCK and Joan DEL HEATH
Nicholas BOSTOCK and Catherine MOBBERLY
Sir Adam BOSTOCK and Elizabeth VENABLES
Sir Ralph BOSTOCK and Isabel LAWTON
Adam BOSTOCK and Janet BRADSHAW
Adam BOSTOCK and Margaret WHETENHALL
Sir John WHETENHALL and Agnes ARDERNE
Sir John ARDERNE and Margaret ferch Gruffydd ap Madog
Refer to Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came toAmerica before 1700, Seventh Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis(Baltimore, 1992), Line 230, Generation 32 for continuation of line toWilliam I of England, father of Henry I of England, and ancestor ofboth Griffith BOWEN and Margaret FLEMING.

John married Margery Ap Madoc ² about 1305 in Aldford, Cheshire, England.² Margery was born about 1270.^²

Elizabeth married Hugh De Venables ²Hugh was born in 1276 in Kinderton, Cheshire, England.^²

William married Maud de GlanvilleMaud was born in 1147 in Bowsley, Antley, Suffolk, England.

176902216 i. Gilbert* Pecche ² (born about 1145 in Clopton, Suffolk, England - died before 9 Jul 1212)

353804434. Walter* Fitz Robert Lord of Dunmow Castle,² son of Robert* Fitz Richard ² and Maud De St. Liz,² was born about 1120 in Little Dunmow, Essex, England^² and died in 1198 in Woodham Walter, Malden, Essex, England^² about age 78.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

2nd Baron of Dunmow
Walter Fitz Robert; feudal Lord of Woodham Walter, Essex. [Burke'sPeerage]

------------------------

Walter FitzRobert, in the 12th of Henry II, upon the assessment in aidof marrying the king's dau., certified his knights' fees to be innumber sixty-three and a half, de Veteri feoffamento; and three and afourth part, de Novo, for all of which he paid £44. 10s. In the greatcontroversy between John, Earl of Moreton, (brother of King Richard,)and William de Longcamp, bishop of Ely, whom the king left governor ofthe realm during his absence in the Holy Land, this Walter adhered tothe bishop and had, at that time, custody of the castle of Eye, inSuffolk. He m. 1st, Margaret de Bohun, who d. in 1146; and 2ndly in1148, Maud de Lucy, with whom he had the lordship of Dis, in Norfolk,and by whom he left at his decease, 1198, a son, Robert FitzWalter.[Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages,Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 212, FitzWalter, BaronsFitzWalter]

Walter* married Maud de Lucy ² in 1148.² Maud was born about 1128 in Diss, Norfolk, England.^² Another name for Maud was Maud De Lucy.²

176902217 i. Alice Fitz Walter ² (born about 1150 in Little Dunmow, Essex, England - died after 1213)

ii. Robert* Fitz Walter ² was born about 1167 in Woodham Walter, Malden, Essex, England^² and died on 9 Dec 1235 in Siege of Damietta, Egypt^² about age 68.

364970008. William* Malet,² son of Robert Malet Baron, was born about 1125 in Barony Curry Malet, Somerset, Eng^² and died in 1169 in Barony Curry Malet, Somerset, Eng^² about age 44.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

Steward, favorite of Henry II, held barony of Curry Malet, Somerset,other lands in Kent, Cambridge, and Sussex, signer of theConstitutions of Claredon in 1164

182485004 i. Gilbert Malet ² (born about 1150 in Curry Mallet, Langport, Somerset, England - died about 1194 in Curry Mallet, Langport, Somerset, England)

Maud married William* Malet ²William* was born about 1125 in Barony Curry Malet, Somerset, Eng^² and died in 1169 in Barony Curry Malet, Somerset, Eng^² about age 44.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

William D'AUBIGNY (E of Arundel)
Notes:
Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (126:29), (149:26).
According to the "Dictionary of National Biography" William succeededhis father to the Earldom in 1196. He was a favourite of King JOHN(RIN 785), accompanying him to Runnymeade in 1215 and becoming one ofthe surities for his faithful observance of the Magna Charta. Becauseof JOHN's intransigence, a powerful group of barons offered theEnglish crown to the son of King LOUIS VII (RIN 1530) of France. OnJOHN's abandonment of Winchester to LOUIS in 1216, William went overto the winning side. In 1217 , after the royalist victory at Lincolnin 1218, he switched sides again. Shortly after, he acted asjusticiar. In 1218 he set sail for the East, took part in the siege ofDamietta in 1219, and died in Italy on his way home in 1221

William married Maud De Saint Hilary ²Maud was born in 1132 in Dalling, Norfolk, England^² and died in 1195 in Norfolk, England^² at age 63.

364971119. Maud De Saint Hilary,² daughter of James De Saint Hilary ² and Aveline,² was born in 1132 in Dalling, Norfolk, England^² and died in 1195 in Norfolk, England^² at age 63.

General Notes: Military service rewarded by the granting of the manor of Hededen byKing Henry II; sheriff of Oxfordshire, 1164 and was one of theJustices Itinerant for Essex and Hertford.Sheriff of Oxford

Alice married Thomas* BassetThomas* was born in Hededen, OXF, ENG and died in 1181.

General Notes: GODFREY DE LOVAINE, younger son of Godfrey III, DUKE of BRABANT ANDCOUNT OF LOUVAIN, by his 2nd wife, Imaine, daughter of Louis andsister of Gerard, COUNTS or Loos, passed most of his life in Englandunder John and Henry III. He was for several periods custodian of thehonour and castle of Eye in Suffolk, which his half-brother, DukeHenry, acquired through his wife Maud, granddaughter of King Stephen.In 1212 the King sent him on a political mission to Duke Henry. Hemarried, circa 1199 Alice, widow of Ralph DE CORNHILL (recentlydeceased), and daughter and heir of Robert DE HASTINGS, by Maud deFlamville, heiress of the Windsor family, with whom he had 10 knights'fees and lands in London, Middlesex, Essex, and Suffolk. At the end ofJohn's reign he was in arms against the King, but returned toallegiance in 1217, when his lands were restored to him. He diedbefore 26 April 1226. [CP 8:178, 14:453]

182490614 i. Matthew* de Lovaine (born of Little Easton, ESS, ENG - died before Jun 1258)

Alice married Godfrey* de LovaineGodfrey* was born in Eye Castle, SFK, ENG and died about 26 Apr 1226.

General Notes: EARLDOM OF NORTHUMBERLAND
I. 1.
EARLDOM OF HUNTINGDON

IV. 4. HENRY OF SCOTLAND, younger son, was born about 1114, andsucceeded as EARL OF HUNTINGDON on his father's resignation of theEarldom in 1136. During the wars between his father and Stephen hefought on the Scottish side at the Battle of the Standard. On peacebeing made in 1139 he received the Earldom of Northumberland, thecities of Newcastle and Bamborough being excepted. He became afavourite with Stephen, remaining with him in England for some time.As "Henry the Earl, son of the King of Scotland," he made grants toSt. Andrew's, Northants, and in 1150 founded the Abbey of Holmcultramin Cumberland. He married Ada (or Adelinc), daughter of William (deWARENNE), EARL OF SURREY, by Isabel, daughter of Hugh, COUNT OFVERMANDOIS. He died v.p., 12 June 1152, and was buried at Kelso.[k]His widow died in 1178, having in that year founded the Nunnery ofHaddington.
[CP 6:642]

[k] He is described as handsome in body and virtuous of life, belovedby all, devout towards God and most compassionate to the poor; and St.Bernard says he was a brave and wise knight, following bis father inthe pursuit of justice and the love of man.

Henry* married Ada de WarenneAda was born about 1120 and died in 1178 about age 58.

217336018 i. William* of Scotland The Lion King (born in 1143 in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England - died on 4 Dec 1214 in Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, England)

Ada married Henry* of ScotlandHenry* was born in 1114 in Scotland and died on 12 Jun 1152 in Scotland at age 38.

440928512. Robert Bacon,¹ ^,2 son of Roger Bacon, was born about 1195 in Hesset, Suffolk, England.^{¹^,2}
(Duplicate. See Below)

440928513. Alice Burgate ¹ ^,2 was born about 1195.^{¹^,2}
(Duplicate. See Below)

General Notes: [bartlett3.FTW]

Held Stopham under Earl Roger AD 1086 (Doomsday Survey), which he gaveto his younger brother Ralph.

Peter Barttlet of Australia says: "the elder son of Adam de Berthelotwas named Robertus de Bartelot and is thus recorded in two 11thcentury documents that help to explain why, upon the death of hisfather, Robert gave up his birthright in favour of a younger brother,Radolphus (Ralph) who promptly adopted the name (de Stopham) by whichthe land grant the family then occupied was known and with it asomewhat different coat-of-arms, thus helping researchers todistinguish between the two brothers and their descendants. Robertchose a more adventurous and rewarding life with the de Brionnefamily, accepting his father's responsibilities as Earl Guido deBrionne's (of Brionne Castle, Liseux) trusted Esquire, but which Adamcould no longer fulfill as a grantee of land owing fealty to the Lordsof Arundel Castle."

227540992 i. William* Barttelot ¹⁸⁴ ^,208 (born about 1130 in Stopham, Sussex, England - buried in 1086, died in Stopham, Sussex, England)

General Notes: 1. [Berkeley] Roger, styled "Senior," who, having, between 1068 and1071, been made Provost of the manor of Berkeley by Earl William FitzOsbern (to whom it had been granted at the Conquest), took the name OfDE BERKELEY from his residence there, and was confirmed in his officeby the King about 1080. At the time of the Survey 1086, Berkeley wasfarmed by him from the Crown. He was tenant in capite of Dursley,Cubberley, Dodington, &c., and (not improbably) was identical with "Roger," farmer of Barton Regis, Bristol. On 17 January 1091 he becamea Monk of St. Peter's, Gloucester, and died 1093. [CP 2:123-4]

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

2nd Earl Leicester; aka Le Bossu
PlantagEncy, 173: 2nd earl Leicester (1118-68) justiciar of England(c. 1155). Twin brother Waleran of Meulan defected to Empress Matilda,but Robert stayed with Stephen. 1140's, lieutenant of Normandy, lostducy to Geoffrey Plantagenet. Helped secure Henry II's accession;regent of England during Henry's absences (1158-1163; 1165)

EARLDOM OF LEICESTER

II. 2. ROBERT,(a) EARL OF LEICESTER, younger son, being twin withWaleran, who succeeded his father as Count of Meulan, was born 1104,and was commonly called Le Bossu or Le Goczen. He
styles himself Earl of Leicester in the confirmation of his charter onbehalf of Bec and St. Nicaise-de-Meulan in 1119. He and his brotherWaleran were brought up at the court of Henry I with great care onaccount of the King's gratitude to their father. They accompaniedHenry when he interviewed Pope Calixtus at Gisors, November 1119 wherethey astonished the Cardinals by their learning. On 8 September 1131Robert was one of the five Earls who witnessed Henry's charter toSalisbury at the Northampton Council, and both the brothers werepresent at the deathbed of Henry L In the anarchy which followedStephen's accession he engaged in private warfare with his hereditaryenemy, Roger de Tosny, whom he captured with the assistance of hisbrother Waleran. In 1137 the twins returned to England with Stephen.Meanwhile, during Robert's absence in England, his possessions inNormandy were overrun until he came to terms with Roger de Tosny. InJune 1139 the two brothers took a leading part in the seizing of theBishops o! Salisbury and Lincoln at Oxford. At about this time hereceived from Stephen a grant to him as Earl of Leicester and to hisheirs of the town and castle of Hereford "et totum comitatum deHerefordisc.," excepting the lands of the Bishop, those of the Abbotof Reading and of other churches and abbeys holding in chief of theKing, and excepting also the fees of Hugh de Mortemer, Osbert son ofHugh, and others, "cum aliis omnibus rebus et libertatibus quae adomnia prefata pertinent cum quibus Gul. filius Osbern unquam meliusvel liberius tenuit." This grant was made at Newton (probably nearLeominster) at a time when Miles of Gloucester had already takenpossession of the county for the Empress, and therefore cannot havebeen effectual to bestow either the lands or the Earldom of Hereford,if such was Stephen's intention. After the defeat of Stephen, 2 Feb.1141, Robert appears to have made a truce with the Angevin party inNormandy until he should return from England, and devoted himself tohis foundation of St. Mary de Pré at Leicester, which was accomplishedin 1143. According to the narrative of St. Mary's, he became a canonregular there circa 1153, and so remained until his death, but thestory conflicts with his known public career. In that year Henry, sonof the Empress, anticipating his succession to the throne (which wasagreed by the Treaty of Waningford in November 1153), gave Robert andhis son Robert charters, dated at Bristol, "restoring" to them thelands then held by the elder, Robert, and granting them theStewardship of England and of Normandy, whereby he doubtless securedtheir support of his claims to the crown. Robert was at the siege ofTorigny in October 1154 with Henry II just before his accession,attended his Coronation in December 1154, and rapidly rose in the newKing's favour. He received a confirmation charter of the grant made atBristol and thus became Steward of England and of Nor:mandy. He wasmade Justiciar in the following year, and he acted as Viccroy part ofthe time with Richard de Luci during the King's absence from Englandfrom December 1158, after Eleanor left the country until his rcturn 25January 1162/3. He was present at the Council of Clarendon, 13-28January 1163/4, and was the first to attest the "Constitutions," towhich he procured the assent of Thomas à Becket. He took part with theCrown in its struggle with Becket, but sought to reconcile the Kingand the Archbishop at the Council of Northampton in October 1164. AsJusticiar he pronounced sentence on the Archbishop, who cut short hisaddress by denying the jurisdiction of the court. In 1165 he againacted as Viceroy on the King's departure. In the spring of 1166 hewent to Normandy with the King, but was in England again in October,and retained the Justiciarship until his death two years later. Hemarried, after November 1120, Amice, daughter of Ralph, SEIGNEUR OFGAEL AND MONTFORT in Brittany, who was son of Ralph, EARL OF NORFOLK,by Emma, daughter of William FiTZOSBERN, 1st Earl of Hereford. By thismarriage he acquired a large part of the FitzOsbern inheritance inNormandy and England. He died 5 April 1168, and was probably buried inSt. Mary de Pré. Amice survived him, and is said to have entered theconvent of Nuneaton. [CP 7:527-30, 14:429]

[a] It has become the established usage to apply the name of Beaumontto the Earls of Leicester of the first line. Though doubtless aconvenient form of nomenclature, it lacks contemporary authority.Roger, Seigneur of Beaumont-le-Roger, the contemporary of theConqueror, is called Roger de Beaumont with good reason. Ordericspeaks of his younger brother Robert as Robert de Beaumont, but indoing so is clearly transferring to him the style borne later byRoger, for Robert always appears in charters as Robertus fliusHumphredi. Robert, son of Roger, was also styled de Beaumont until hebecame Count of Meulan, but his son Robert, 2nd Earl of Leicester, isnever so styled. In the next generation the question does not arise,for there were no younger sons. In the last generation of these Earls,William, the eldest brother (who d. vp), is in charters always Williamde Bréteuil, and Robert, before he succeeded as Earl, figures asRobert de Bréteuil in two charters, and is also so styled in theChron. de Mailros. There was no reason why this branch of the familyshould take its style from a place in which it had no interest. Hugh(said to have become Earl of Bedford), younger brother of Robert andWaleran, witnesses a charter circa 1123-38 as Hugone de Mellent. Withrespect to the elder branch, those who were not themselves Counts werecalled de Mellento, and this though the caput of their Norman honourwas Beaumont, and this endured as the name of two branches of thefamily after the loss of the comti of Meulan.

Robert* married Amice de Montfort ² after Nov 1120.² Amice was born about 1104^² and died after 5 Apr 1168.^² Another name for Amice was Amicia De Gael.²

475019381. Amice de Montfort ² was born about 1104^² and died after 5 Apr 1168.^² Another name for Amice was Amicia De Gael.²

Amice married Robert* de Beaumont Earl ² after Nov 1120.² Robert* was born in 1104,^² died on 5 Apr 1168^² at age 64, and was buried in St. Mary de Pré.^² Another name for Robert* was Robert Le Goczen Of Leicester De Beaumont.²

475019408. Roger Mesilwarin De Masnelwaring,² son of Ranulph Mesilwarin, was born about 1090.^²

475019418. Robert* Of Gloucester First Earl of Gloucester,² son of Henry* 2nd King of England ² ^,154 and Nesta verch Rhys Heiress of Carew,² was born about 1090 in Caen, Normandy, France,^² died on 31 Oct 1147 in Bristol^² about age 57, and was buried in St. James Bristol, Margam, Glamorgan.^² Other names for Robert* were The King's Son and Robert De Caen.²

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

[From Burke's Peerage-see source for details]

An undoubted Earl of Gloucester, perhaps the first authentic one, atany rate after the Conquest, is Robert FitzHamon's son-in-law, anotherRobert, who was an illegitimate son of Henry I and was so created1122. The Earldom passed to his eldest son, William FitzRobert, andfrom him to John, later King John and husband from 1189 to 1199 (whenhe divorced her) of Isabel, the youngest of William FitzRobert's threedaughters. On John's coming to the throne the title did not merge inthe Crown for it was not his in his own right but in right of hiswife.

Earl of Gloucester. Was born before his father came to the throne,probably abt 1090 and died of fever at Bristol. Buried in Priory ofSt. James there, of which he was a founder.

Weis" "Ancestral Roots. . ." (63:26), (124:26), (124A:26), (125:26),(132A:27).

He was an illigitimate son of King HENRY I. According to "TheDictionary of National Biography", his mother was probably an unknownFrench woman. This birth was before HENRY became king. On insufficientgrounds some claim his mother to be Nesta, dau. of RHYS AP TEWDR, Kingof Dehubarth. In his "Complete Peerage", Cockayne is of the opinionthat his mother was most likely SIBYL CORBET.
He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119, where his father defeatedKing LOUIS VI of France (RIN 1531). In 1122 he was created Earl ofGloucester. In 1123, he led a force to assist in the capture of thecastle of Brionne, which was held by rebel Norman barons. In 1126 hehad custody of the imprisoned rebel, Robert, Duke of Normandy. In 1127he did homage to the EMPRESS MATILDA, recognizng her as his father'ssuccessor to the throne.
When Stephen was chosen as king over the EMPRESS MATILDA, Robert didhomage to him for his English lands. In 1137 he accompanied KingStephen to Normandy where a quarrel ensued. He then threw his supportto MATILDA, who was in Normandy, and obtained the surrender of Caenand Bayeux to her husband, GEOFFREY PLANTAGANET, Count of Anjou (RIN787). In Sep. 1139 he landed in England with MATILDA and took her toArundel Castle. He became her commander-in-chief in the civil warwhich followed.
Robert was captured by Stephen's forces, but Stephen had also beenpreviously captured by MATILDA's. The two were returned to theirrespective camps in an even exchange. MATILDA sent Robert to Anjou toattempt to convince her husband, GEOFFREY, to come to her aid.GEOFFREY declined to help until he had conquered Normandy, so Robertjoined in his campaign. However, hearing that MATILDA was beseiged atOxford, he hurried back to her assistance. He took MATILDA's andGEOFFREY's son, HENRY (the future King HENRY II) with him. In 1143Robert defeated Stephen at Wilton and in 1144 he blockaded Malmesbury,Stephen refusing battle. MATILDA's support had gradually dwindled, soRobert was unable to continue to press her cause. In 1147 Robert sentHENRY back to Anjou. Later that year Robert died of fever at Bristol

Robert* married Mabel Fitzhamon ² in Bristol Gloucestershire England.² Mabel was born in 1094 in Gloucestershire England^² and died in 1157 in Bristol Gloucestershire England^² at age 63. Another name for Mabel was Maud Fitzhammon.²

475019419. Mabel Fitzhamon ² was born in 1094 in Gloucestershire England^² and died in 1157 in Bristol Gloucestershire England^² at age 63. Another name for Mabel was Maud Fitzhammon.²

Mabel married Robert* Of Gloucester First Earl of Gloucester ² in Bristol Gloucestershire England.² Robert* was born about 1090 in Caen, Normandy, France,^² died on 31 Oct 1147 in Bristol^² about age 57, and was buried in St. James Bristol, Margam, Glamorgan.^² Other names for Robert* were The King's Son and Robert De Caen.²

513803008. Hereward de Segrave ²⁴¹ ^,247 was born in 1114 in Segrave, Leicestershire, England^²⁴¹ and died about 1166^²⁴¹ about age 52.

General Notes: THOMAS DE MULTON, son and heir, had probably succeeded his fatherbefore Michaelmas 1167. Between 1165 and 1171 he witnessed a charterof Conan, Earl of Richmond, at Richmond. In the last months of thereign of Henry II he took an active part in one of the violentepisodes that marked the long contest between the houses of Croylandand Spalding for possession of the marshes. He was ill during thelegal proceedings about the marshes in 1189. He married Eleanor, whoseparentage is not known, who died probably before October 1199. Thedate of his death is not known, but he was apparently dead in orbefore 1201. [CP 9:398-9]

513803025. Eleanor de Boston ²⁴¹ was born in 1164 in Cumberland, England.^²⁴¹

Eleanor married Thomas* de Multon ²⁴¹ ^,296Thomas* was born in 1162 in Moulton, Spalding, Lincolnshire, England^²⁴¹ and died in 1201 in Cumberland, England^²⁴¹ at age 39. Another name for Thomas* was Thomas de \Muleton\.

General Notes: REYNOLD DE Lucy, ancestor of this family, was probably a near kinsmanof the great justiciar Richard de Luci. He was associated with thecounty of Cumberland as early as 1158. From 1168 to 1175 he
was in charge of the Honour of Peverel of Nottingham; and was keeperof Nottingham Castle when it was taken and burnt by Earl Ferrers inthe rebellion of 1174. In 1181 he was in Ivry. In 1187, he escortedHenry II's granddaughter, daughter of Henry the Lion of Saxony, fromSouthampton to the Continent. He was present at the Coronation ofRichard I in September 1189. He married Amabel, 2nd of the threedaughters and coheirs of William FITZDUNCAN and Alice de RUMILLY hiswife, lords of Skipton, Egremont, and Copeland, and had with his wifethe last two lordships. In January 1198/9 he was ill, and died aboutthat time. [CP 8:247-8]

ii. Hugh de Morville ²⁴¹ was born about 1196 in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England.^²⁴¹

Hawise married Hugh de Morville ²⁴¹ ^,294 about 1184.²⁴¹ Hugh was born about 1155 in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England.^²⁴¹ Another name for Hugh was Hugh de \Moreville\.

513804080. Roger Bigod ² was born in 1038 in St. Saveur, Seine-Maritime, France^² and died on 15 Sep 1107 in Egersham, Norfolk, England^² at age 69.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

a Norman knight; at Domesday held 6 lordships in Essex, 117 inSuffolk; King's dapifer or steward under William Rufus & Henry I HenryI granted him Framlingham manor in Suffolk in 1100/1. Strengthened itonly with wooden hall, palisade & ditch, not motte & bailey.
Note: Roger Bigod or le Bigot, a feudal Baron, the first of this great
family that settled in England and was, in the
Conqueror's time, possessed of six lordships in Essex, 117 in Suffold.At
the accession of King Henry I, being a witness of the
King's laws and stanch in his interests, he obtained gifts of landfrom
the crown, and was Lord Stewart of the King's
household.

Adeliza married Roger Bigod ²Roger was born in 1038 in St. Saveur, Seine-Maritime, France^² and died on 15 Sep 1107 in Egersham, Norfolk, England^² at age 69.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

ROGER DE TOENI III, styled also DE CONCHES, 1st son and heir, was bornprobably about 1104, and succeeded his father about 1126. In 1131 heattested Henry I's pancarte confirming all the grants of his
ancestors and himself and others to the abbey of Conches. He is saidto have waged war with Hugh de Chateauneuf in 1133. In 1135 the Kingsuspected that he was preparing to rebel, together with WilliamTalvas, Count of Ponthieu, on behalf of Henry's son-in-law, GeoffreyPlantagenet, and sent his own soldiers to garrison the castle ofConches. After the King's death Roger supported Geoffrey and his wifethe Empress Maud against Stephen. After Easter 1136 hostilities beganbetween him and the King's generals, the twins Waleran, Count ofMeulan, and Robert, Earl of Leicester; and civil war raged in May andJune. In the autumn the fighting flared up again; but on 3 OctoberRoger was ambushed and captured by Count Waleran and Henry de laPommeraye. His land was laid under an interdict and he was kept inprison for more than 6 months, but was released in 1137. In May 1138he was attacked by the Count of Meulan and William d'Ypres, butdefended himself successfully; and on 7 September he captured Breteuiland burnt the town. However, before the end of 1138 he made peace withthe twin Earls, who conducted him to England, where he was reconciledto King Stephen. Nothing is known of what happened to his Englishlands during this period. In 1150 or 1151 he was with Henry, Duke ofNormandy, at Rouen. After Henry had become King, Roger enjoyed theroyal favour; for between Michaelmas 1157 and Michaelmas 1158 the Kinggranted him 100 solidates of land at Holkham, Norfolk. He was abenefactor to the abbeys of la Noë, Conches and Bec. He married Ida,daughter of BALDWIN III, COUNT OF HAINAULT, by Yolande, daughter ofGerard, COUNT OF GUELDERS. With her he had in marriage from Henry 120librates of land out of the royal demesne at East Bergholt, Suffolk.He died after Michaelmas 1157 and probably before 1162. [CP12[1]:763-4]

Ida married Roger* de Toeni III ²Roger* was born about 1104 in Conches, Normandy, France^² and died between 1157 and 1162.^²

513804099. Amice de Montfort ² was born about 1104^² and died after 5 Apr 1168.^² Another name for Amice was Amicia De Gael.²
(Duplicate. See Below)

518876296. William* De Warenne died on 24 Jun 1088 and was buried in Chapter House at Lewes.

General Notes: EARLDOM OF SURREY

I. 1. WILLIAM DE WARENNE was son of Rodulf by Emma. At some time in orafter 1054 Duke William gave him the castle of Mortemer, which hadbeen forfeited by his kinsman, Roger de Mortimer, after the Battle ofMortemer in February of that year. Probably at the same time heacquired lands at Bellencombre, the castle of which became the caputof the Warenne barony in Normandy. In 1066 he was one of the Normanbarons summoned by the Duke to a Council on hearing that Harold hadbeen crowned King after the death of the Confessor. He took part inthe invasion of England and was present at the Battle of Hastings. Hewas rewarded with lands in 13 counties, including most of the rape ofLewes in Sussex, the manor of Conisborough, co. York, and Castle Acreand a number of holdings in Norfolk. In 1067 he was one of the Normannobles whom the Conqueror left in England to support his vice-regents,William FitzOsbern and the Bishop of Bayeux. In 1075 he was one of thetwo chief justiciars who were in charge of England when the.Earls ofHereford and Norfolk rebelled and who summoned them to the King'scourt, and on their refusal crushed the rebellion. About 1083-85 hewas fighting for the King in Maine. In the spring of 1088 he supportedWilliam II against the rebels led by the Bishop of Bayeux and theCount of Mortain, and to secure his loyalty he was created, shortlyafter Easter (16 April) 1088, EARL OF SURREY, his immediate successorsbeing styled more usually EARLS DE WARENNE. He was mortally wounded atthe siege of Pevensey before the end of May. He founded Lewes prioryas a cell of Cluny abbey, about 1078-82. He married, 1stly, Gundred,sister of Gerbod the Fleming, EARL OF CHESTER, possibly daughter ofGerbod, hereditary advocate of the Abbey of St. Bertin at St. Omer.She died in child-birth, 27 May 1085, at Castle Acre, Norfolk, and wasburied the chapter-house at Lewes. He married, 2ndly, [----], sisterof Richard GUET (living 1098). He died 24 June 1088, apparently fromthe effect of his wound at Pevensey, at Lewes, and was buried therebeside his wife. [CP 12[1]:493-5, 14:604]

William* married GundredGundred died on 27 May 1085 in Childbed in Castle Acre, NFK, ENG and was buried in Chapter House at Lewes.

259438148 i. William* De Warenne II (born in 1071 in SSX, ENG - died on 11 May 1138, buried in Chapter House, Lewes, SSX, ENG)

518876297. Gundred died on 27 May 1085 in Childbed in Castle Acre, NFK, ENG and was buried in Chapter House at Lewes.

Gundred married William* De WarenneWilliam* died on 24 Jun 1088 and was buried in Chapter House at Lewes.

518876318. Mouirchertach O'Toole King of Ui Muiredaig ² ^,154 was born in 1089^{²^,154} and died in 1164^{²^,154} at age 75.

518876352. Alberic* De Vere Baron de Vere ² was born about 1040^² and died about 1112^² about age 72. Another name for Alberic* was Aubrey.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

Sources: A Greene Family History; The Greenes of R.I.; Kraentzler1139, 1333, 1345, 1379; AF; Hedingham Castle booklet; Falaise Roll;The English Ancestry of Peter Bulkeley, Grace Chetwood and SarahChauncy--A Compilation of Ancestral Tables by Frank Wayne Ayers, page920.
K: Alberic (Aubrey) de Vere, First Baron de Vere.
Greenes of RI: Came with William the Conqueror.
Booklet: Alberic (or Aubrey) de Ver, thought to have been the Lord ofVer,
which is below Coutances in the La Manche region of Normandy. TheLordship of
Hedingham in pre-Conquest days belonged to a great Saxon thane namedUlwine.
William the Conqueror took all his lands and gave them to Alberic, oneof
his best soldiers and most important knights. In addition, Alberic wasgiven
14 Lordships in Essex, as well as land in Suffolk, Middlesex,Huntingdon and
Cambridge.

[The De Vere motto, on display in Castle Hedingham and seen by LBB,was
Vero Nihil Verius--Nothing Truer than Truth.]

Roll: "Aubri de Ver, a baronial name derived from Ver, near Bayeux andCaen, was included in the dowery of the duchess Judith. It was grantedto this family before 1058, in which year Aubri was in possession ofit. He was the father of another Aubri de Ver who accompanied theConqueror in 1066, and was in 1086 one of the great landowners ofDomesday, who held his castle from the king at Hedingham, Essex, andfounded Colne priory in that county, as a cell of Abingdon. He alsoheld Kensington in Middlesex and was shorn a monk at Colne in his lateyears, having had five sons. He was the ancestor of the earls ofOxford." (Page 117.)
Ayers: Aubrey de Vere (from Ver, near Bayeux, senior, GreatChamberlain.
*****
See sources below for following info from Dot Clark.
Aubrey (or Alberic) de Vere I was almost certainly a Norman whoderived his name from Ver in the Cotentin and probably had connectionswith the adjoining duchy of Brittany. He was born probably before1040. The Conqueror granted him, with other lands, the great estatesof an English thegn named Wulfwine in Essex, Suffolk, and Cambridge.In 1084 he attested a royal charter for Lessay as Aubrey theChamberlain. In 1086 he held in chief 14 estates in Essex, with 2houses and 3 ares in Colchester, 9 estates in Suffork, 7 inCambridgeshire, and 2 in Huntingdonshire. He also held Kensington inMiddlesex and two properties in Northamptonshire of the Bishop ofCoutances, land in Hunts of the Abbey of Ramsey, and land in twoplaces in Essex of Count Alan of Brittany.
The head of his barony was at (Castle) Hedingham in Essex, where hehad planted a vineyard. It is usually assumed that he is identicalwith, and not the father of, the Aubrey de Vere who attested a writ atWestminster (Sep. 1102 to Easter 1103) and a charter for Abingdon(1101-06). Not later than 1106 he was acting as sheriff of Berkshire,being styled simply Aubrey. Within the next few years he was acting asa justice in Northants, being styled Aubrey the Chamberlain, and assheriff of Berkshire, being styled Aubrey de Berkshire. At the dyingrequest of his eldest son, not later than 1106, he gave Abingdon Abbeyhis church of Kensington with its appurtenances and 2 hides and 1yardland; but as he resided mostly in Essex, he founded a priory atEarls Colne as a cell of Abingdon. He seems to have held 1-1/2knights' fees of the Abbey of St. Edmund. He married Beatrice, whoseparentage is unknown. He died before 1113 (almost certainly in 1112)at Colne Priory, and was buried, with his wife, in the church there.(Sources listed below.)

SOURCES:
1. Cokayne, G.E. _The Complete Peerage_. London: The St. CatherinePress,
1945; Volume X, pps. 193-195.
2. Burke, Sir Bernard, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms. _AGenealogical
History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages ofthe
British Empire_. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc.,
1978; page 549. Burke calls him Alberic de Ver and states,erroneously, that he died a monk in 1088.
3. Ancestral File (AFN:8XJW-5F). Calls him Alberic de Vere, and statesthat he was born in 1030 in Hedingham, Essex, England, and died in1088.
[Birthplace certainly is wrong.]
This individual has the following other parents in the Amcestral File:
Count Of G /ALPHONSO/ (AFN:FLH9-CC) and Alphonso /MRS./ (AFN:FLH9-DJ)

259438176 i. Aubrey* De Vere Baron de Vere ² (born before 1090 in Hedingham, Essex, England - died on 15 May 1141 in London, Middlesex, England)

518876354. Gilbert* De Fitz Richard Earl of Clare,² son of Richard* Fitz Gilbert De Clare Earl of Clare ² and Rohese Giffard,¹ ^,2 ^,241 ^,307 was born before 1066 in Clare, Suffolk, England,^² died between 1114 and 1117 in Tonbridge, Kent, England & Cardigan, Wales,^² and was buried in Lord of Tunbridge, founded Priory of Clare, Lord of Cardigan.^² Another name for Gilbert* was Gislebert.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

Sources: Norr, Kraentzler 1147, 1332, 1333, 1345, 1379, 1397, 1427;Wurtz;
A. Roots 66, 177A-7, 184-3, 184A-3, 184B-3, 246B-24. 246D-24; P of W;AF;
Americans of Royal Descent; Painter; Roberts/Reitwiesner; RoyalDescents; Magna Charta Sureties 153-1; Carolingian Ancestry.
Second Earl of Clare and Lord of Tunbridge. First known Marshal ofEngland.
Called both Gilbert FitzRichard and Gilbert de Clare.
Roots: Gilbert Fitz Richard, Lord of Clare, Suffofk; Tunbridge, Kent,and
from 1107-1111 Cardigan, Wales. Founder of the Priory of Clare, 1090.
Sureties: Gilbert Fitz Richard, born before 1066. Died 1114/7. "Earlof
Clare" and Lord of Tunbridge. Founder of the Priory of Clare, 1090.Lord
Cardigan, 1107-1111.
K: Gilbert Fitz-Richard "de Clare or Tonebridge," 2nd Earl of Clare.Also
Lord of Clare and Tunbridge. 1st Marshal of England. Died 1116-1117.Also 1149.
Norr: 1st known Marshal of England.
Roberts/Reitwiesner: Gilbert de Clare.
Carolingian: Gilbert, Lord of Clare, died 1114-7.
Painter: Gilbert, Marshal of the Court to King Henry I and held someland in
Wiltshire. "On one occasion (Gilbert and son John) successfullymaintained
before the king's court, probably in a trial by battle, their right tothe
family office which was contested by two other claimants. Before hiselevation
to the marshalship Gilbert may have been a royal serjeant inWiltshire, but the
family cannot be identified with that of any Domesday tenant in thatcounty.
When Gilbert died about 1130, John paid a relief of 22 pounds, 13shillings, 4
pence for his land and ministerium and an additional forty marks forthe office
of marshal of the court."
Descents: Gilbert de Clare.
*******
Gilbert FitzRichard de Tonebruge, born probably 1066 or before, d.1114/17; 2nd
Lord of Clare (co. Suffolk), Lord of Cardigan 1107-1111, and Tonebruge(also
called Tonbridge or Tonbruce), co. Kent; first known Marshal ofEngland (Norr,
p46/33); married, in 1113, Adeliza de Clermont (Weis, p. 246-24), b.1070, dau
of Hugh, Count of Clermont, in Beauvaisis, by Marquerite de Roucy (de
Montdidier), dau of Hilduin de Rameru, Count of Montdidier and Roucy,and his
wife, Alice (or Alix) de Roucy. Adeliza was a descendant ofCharlemagne,
Clovis, Athanagild, Hugh Capet, Henry the Fowler, and many otherdistinguished
persons.

Styled also "De Clare,", Gilbert resided at Tonebruge and inheritedall of his
father's English lands and possessions. Burke states that he was theeldest
son; GEC, however, states that his brother, Roger FitzRichard (living1130),
who inherited the lands in Normandy, was possibly the eldest son, andd.s.p.
[GEC, III, p. 243, fn (a)] Gilbert joined in the rebellion of Robertde
Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, against King William Rufus but,observing the
King upon the point of falling into an anbuscade, he relented,besought pardon,
and saved his royal master. Later, however, in the same reign, heagain joined
in rebellion, fortifying and losing his castle of Tonebruge. Gilbertwas
founder of the Priory of Clare, 1090. By Henry I, he was granted,1107-1111,
the Lordship of Cardigan. He was a munificent benefactor of thechurch. Dying
shortly thereafter, 1114 or 1117, he was survived by his widow,Adeliza. She
married, 2ndly, (?Bouchard) de Montmorency.

SOURCES:
1. Burke, Sir Bernard, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms. _TheGenealogical
History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages ofthe
British Empire_. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc,,
1978; page 119.
2. Cokayne, George E. _The Complete Peerage_. London: The St.Catherine's
Press, 1949; Volume III, pages 242-243.
3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 46, generation33.
4. Bye, Arthur Edwin. _Magna Charta, King John and The Barons_.Published
by the Baronial Order of Magna Charta, 1966; page 57.
5. Wurts, John S. _Magna Charta_. Volume 1, page 58.
6. Ancestral File (AFN:8WKM-FQ). Source for date and place of birth.
This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File:
Richard F /DE CLARE/ (AFN:8XJT-FJ) and Rohese /GIFFORD/ (AFN:8WKM-LL)
G /FITZ GILBERT/ (AFN:FSLM-G0) and Rohese /GIFFARD/ (AFN:FSLM-H5)
Also shown in the Ancestral File as Gilbert FitzRichard (AFN:8Q4M-V9)
with a birth date of "abt 1000" and a death date of 1070.

Gilbert, feudal Lord of Clare, Suffolk and Cardigan, whose fatherRichard was son of the Count of Brionne, of an illegitimate line ofthe Dukes of Normandy). [Burke's Peerage]

---------------------------------------

Gilbert de Tonebruge, who resided at Tonebruge and inherited all hisfather's lands in England, joined in the rebellion of Robert deMowbray, Earl of Northumberland, but observing the king (WilliamRufus) upon the point of falling into an ambuscade, he relented,sought pardon, and saved his royal master. We find him subsequently,however, again in rebellion in the same reign and fortifying andlosing his castle at Tunbridge. He m. in 1113, Adeliza, dau. of theEarl of Cleremont, and had issue, Richard, his successor, Gilbert,Walter, Hervey, and Baldwin. Gilbert de Tonebruge, who was amunificent benefactor to the church, was s. by his eldest son, Richardde Clare. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke'sPeerage, London, 1883, p. 119, Clare, Lords of Clare, Earls ofHertford, Earls of Gloucester]

Gilbert m. Adeliza, dau, of the Earl of Claremont, and was father ofRichard de Clare, Earl of Hertford, and Gilbert de Clare, created Earlof Pembroke. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited andExtinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p.230, Giffard, Earls of Buckingham]

Gilbert* married Adeliza* De Clermont ²Adeliza* was born about 1070 in Northamptonshire, England.^² Another name for Adeliza* was Alice.

518876355. Adeliza* De Clermont ² was born about 1070 in Northamptonshire, England.^² Another name for Adeliza* was Alice.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

Sources: Norr, Kraentzler 1147, 1149, 1332, 1333, 1345, 1379, 1397,1427;
A. Roots 66, 177A-7, 184-3, 184A-3, 184B-3, 246B-24, 246D-24; P of W;
Roberts/Reitwieser; Royal Descents; Magna Charta Sureties 153-1;Carolingian Ancestry; AF.

Roots: Adeliz/Adeliza (or Adelaide, Alice) de Clermont.
Sureties: Adeliza (or Adelaide) de Claremont.
Roberts/Reitwiesner: Adeliza of Clermont.
AF, K say of Northamptonshire. K-1427: Of Hereford, England. Born abt1094.
P of W: Adeliza of Clermont. K-1147 says this woman was N. de Venuz.
Carolingian: Adeliza, daughter of Hugh, Count of Clermont.
Descents: Adeliza of Clermont.
Carolingian: Adeliza married Gilbert, lord of clare, d. 1114-7.
*****
According to Stuart, Adeliza de Clermont was born circa 1074, daughterof Hugh de Creil, Count of Clermont, and Margaret de Roucy, daughterof Hildouin III, Count of Montdidier, and Alice de Roucy. Adeliza deClermont married Bouchard III, Seigneur de Montmorency, born1022-1024.

SOURCES:
1. Ancestral File (AFN:8XJS-QX).
This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File:
Hugh /DE CLERMONT/ (AFN:FLH9-H2) and Margaret /DE ROUCY/ (AFN:FLH9-J7)
/HUGH/ (AFN:9LT0-VL) and Margaret De /ROUCY/ (AFN:9LT0-TF)
2. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition.Baltimore,
MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 34-31.

Adeliza* married Gilbert* De Fitz Richard Earl of Clare ²Gilbert* was born before 1066 in Clare, Suffolk, England,^² died between 1114 and 1117 in Tonbridge, Kent, England & Cardigan, Wales,^² and was buried in Lord of Tunbridge, founded Priory of Clare, Lord of Cardigan.^² Another name for Gilbert* was Gislebert.

518876420. William* King of England,² son of Robert* Duke of Normandy ² ^,154 and Herleva De Falaise,¹ ^,2 ^,154 was born on 14 Oct 1024 in Falaise, Calvados, France,^{¹^,2} died on 9 Sep 1087 in Hermentruvilleby, Rouen, France^{¹^,2} at age 62, and was buried in Abbey of St Stephen, Caen, France.^² Other names for William* were The Conqueror, William the Conqueror Beauclerc,² ^,154 William I "The Conqueror" King of England ¹.^{, and2}

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

William I, byname WILLIAM The CONQUEROR, or The BASTARD, or WILLIAM ofNORMANDY, French GUILLAUME le CONQUÉRANT, or le BÂTARD, or GUILLAUMEde NORMANDIE (b. c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy--d. Sept. 9, 1087, Rouen),duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 and king of England from1066, one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages. Hemade himself the mightiest feudal lord in France and then changed thecourse of England's history by his conquest of that country.

Early years

William was the elder of two children of Robert I of Normandy and hisconcubine Herleva, or Arlette, the daughter of a burgher from the townof Falaise. In 1035 Robert died when returning from a pilgrimage toJerusalem, and William, his only son, whom he had nominated as hisheir before his departure, was accepted as duke by the Norman magnatesand his feudal overlord, King Henry I of France. William and hisfriends had to overcome enormous obstacles. His illegitimacy (he wasgenerally known as the Bastard) was a handicap, and he had to survivethe collapse of law and order that accompanied his accession as achild.

Three of William's guardians died violent deaths before he grew up,and his tutor was murdered. His father's kin were of little help; mostof them thought that they stood to gain by the boy's death. But hismother managed to protect William through the most dangerous period.These early difficulties probably contributed to his strength ofpurpose and his dislike of lawlessness and misrule.

Ruler of Normandy.

By 1042, when William reached his 15th year, was knighted, and beganto play a personal part in the affairs of his duchy, the worst wasover. But his attempts to recover rights lost during the anarchy andto bring disobedient vassals and servants to heel inevitably led totrouble. From 1046 until 1055 he dealt with a series of baronialrebellions, mostly led by kinsmen. Occasionally he was in great dangerand had to rely on Henry of France for help. In 1047 Henry and Williamdefeated a coalition of Norman rebels at Val-ès-Dunes, southeast ofCaen. It was in these years that William learned to fight and rule.

William soon learned to control his youthful recklessness. He wasalways ready to take calculated risks on campaign and, most important,to fight a battle. But he was not a chivalrous or flamboyantcommander. His plans were simple, his methods direct, and he exploitedruthlessly any advantage gained. If he found himself at adisadvantage, he withdrew immediately. He showed the same
qualities in his government. He never lost sight of his aim to recoverlost ducal rights and revenues, and, although he developed no theoryof government or great interest in administrative techniques, he wasalways prepared to improvise and experiment. He seems to have lived amoral life by the standards of the time, and he acquired an interestin the welfare of the Norman church. He made his half brother, Odo,bishop of Bayeux in 1049 at the age of about 16, and Odo managed tocombine the roles of nobleman and prelate in a way that did notgreatly shock contemporaries. But William also welcomed foreign monksand scholars to Normandy. Lanfranc of Pavia, a famous master of theliberal arts, who entered the monastery of Bec about 1042, was madeabbot of Caen in 1063.

According to a brief description of William's person by an anonymousauthor, who borrowed extensively from Einhard's Life of Charlemagne,he was just above average height and had a robust, thick-set body.Though he was always sparing of food and drink, he became fat in laterlife. He had a rough bass voice and was a good and ready speaker.Writers of the next generation agree that he was exceptionally strongand vigorous. William was an out-of-doors man, a hunter and soldier,fierce and despotic, generally feared; uneducated, he had few gracesbut was intelligent and shrewd and soon obtained the respect of hisrivals.

New alliances.

After 1047 William began to take part in events outside his duchy. Insupport of his lord, King Henry, and in pursuit of an ambition tostrengthen his southern frontier and expand into Maine, he fought aseries of campaigns against Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou. But in1052 Henry and Geoffrey made peace, there was a serious rebellion ineastern Normandy, and, until 1054 William was again in serious danger.During this period he conducted important negotiations with his cousinEdward the Confessor, king of England, and took a wife.

Norman interest in Anglo-Saxon England derived from an alliance madein 1002, when King Ethelred II of England married Emma, the sister ofCount Richard II, William's grandfather. Two of her sons, William'scousins once removed, had reigned in turn in England, Hardecanute(1040-42) and Edward the Confessor (1042-66). William had met Edwardduring that prince's exile on the Continent and may well have givenhim some support when he returned to England in 1041. In that yearEdward was about 36 and William 14. It is clear that William expectedsome sort of reward from Edward and, when Edward's marriage provedunfruitful, began to develop an ambition to become his kinsman's heir.Edward probably at times encouraged William's hopes. His childlessnesswas a diplomatic asset.

In 1049 William negotiated with Baldwin V of Flanders for the hand ofhis daughter, Matilda. Baldwin, an imperial vassal with adistinguished lineage, was in rebellion against the Western emperor,Henry III, and in desperate need of allies. The proposed marriage wascondemned as incestuous (William and Matilda were evidently related insome way) by the Emperor's friend, Pope Leo IX, at the Council ofReims in October 1049; but so anxious were the parties for thealliance that before the end of 1053, possibly in 1052, the weddingtook place. In 1059 William was reconciled to the papacy, and aspenance the disobedient pair built two monasteries at Caen. Four sonswere born to William and Matilda: Robert (the future duke ofNormandy), Richard (who died young), William Rufus (the Conqueror'ssuccessor in England), and Henry (Rufus' successor). Among thedaughters was Adela, who was the mother of Stephen, king of England.

Edward the Confessor was supporting the Emperor, and it is possiblethat William used his new alliance with Flanders to put pressure onEdward and extort an acknowledgment that he was the English king'sheir. At all events, Edward seems to have made some sort of promise toWilliam in 1051, while Tostig, son of the greatest nobleman inEngland, Earl Godwine, married Baldwin's half sister. The immediatepurpose of this tripartite alliance was to improve the security ofeach of the parties. If William secured a declaration that he wasEdward's heir, he was also looking very far ahead.

Between 1054 and 1060 William held his own against an alliance betweenKing Henry I and Geoffrey Martel of Anjou. Both men died in 1060 andwere succeeded by weaker rulers. As a result, in 1063 William was ableto conquer Maine. In 1064 or 1065 Edward sent his brother-in-law,Harold, earl of Wessex, Godwine's son and successor, on an embassy toNormandy. William took him on a campaign into Brittany, and inconnection with this Harold swore an oath in which, according toNorman writers, he renewed Edward's bequest of the throne to Williamand promised to support it.

When Edward died childless on Jan. 5, 1066, Harold was accepted asking by the English magnates, and William decided on war. Others,however, moved more quickly. In May Tostig, Harold's exiled brother,raided England, and in September he joined the invasion forces ofHarald III Hardraade, king of Norway, off the Northumbrian coast.William assembled a fleet, recruited an army, and gathered his forcesin August at the mouth of the Dives River. It is likely that heoriginally intended to sail due north and invade England by way of theIsle of Wight and Southampton Water. Such a plan would give him anoffshore base and interior lines. But adverse winds detained his fleetin harbour for a month, and in September a westerly gale drove hisships up-Channel.

The Battle of Hastings.

William regrouped his forces at Saint-Valéry on the Somme. He hadsuffered a costly delay, some naval losses, and a drop in the moraleof his troops. On September 27, after cold and rainy weather, the windbacked south. William embarked his army and set sail for the southeastcoast of England. The following morning he landed, took theunresisting towns of Pevensey and Hastings, and began to organize abridgehead with between 4,000 and 7,000 cavalry and infantry.

William's forces were in a narrow coastal strip, hemmed in by thegreat forest of Andred, and, although this corridor was easilydefensible, it was not much of a base for the conquest of England. Thecampaigning season was almost past, and when William received news ofhis opponent it was not reassuring. On September 25 Harold haddefeated and slain Tostig and Harald Hardraade at Stamford Bridge,near York, and was retracing his steps to meet the new invader. OnOctober 13, when Harold emerged from the forest, William was taken bysurprise. But the hour was too late for Harold to push on to Hastings,and he took up a defensive position. Early the next day William wentout to give battle. He attacked the English phalanx with archers andcavalry but saw his army almost driven from the field. He rallied thefugitives, however, and brought them back into the fight and in theend wore down his opponents. Harold's brothers were killed early inthe battle. Toward nightfall the King himself fell and the Englishgave up. William's coolness and tenacity secured him victory in thisfateful battle, and he then moved against possible centres ofresistance so quickly that he prevented a new leader from emerging. OnChristmas Day 1066 he was crowned king in Westminster Abbey. In aformal sense the Norman Conquest of England had taken place.

King of England

William was already an experienced ruler. In Normandy he had replaceddisloyal nobles and ducal servants with his own friends, limitedprivate warfare, and recovered usurped ducal rights, defining thefeudal duties of his vassals. The Norman church flourished under hisrule. He wanted a church free of corruption but subordinate to him. Hewould not tolerate opposition from bishops and abbots or interferencefrom the papacy. He presided over church synods and reinforcedecclesiastical discipline with his own. In supporting Lanfranc, priorof Bec, against Berengar of Tours in their dispute over the doctrineof the Eucharist, he found himself on the side of orthodoxy. He wasnever guilty of the selling of church office (simony). He disapprovedof clerical marriage. At the same time he was a stern and sometimesrough master, swayed by political necessities, and he was not generousto the church with his own property. The reformer Lanfranc was one ofhis advisers; but perhaps even more to his taste were the worldly andsoldierly bishops Odo of Bayeux and Geoffrey of Coutances.

William left England early in 1067 but had to return in Decemberbecause of English unrest. The English rebellions that began in 1067reached their peak in 1069 and were finally quelled in 1071. Theycompleted the ruin of the highest English aristocracy and gave Williama distaste for his newly conquered kingdom. Since his position on theContinent was deteriorating, he wanted to solve English problems ascheaply as possible. To secure England's frontiers, he invadedScotland in 1072 and Wales in 1081 and created special defensive"marcher" counties along the Scottish and Welsh borders.

In the last 15 years of his life he was more often in Normandy than inEngland, and there were five years, possibly seven, in which he didnot visit the kingdom at all. He retained most of the greatestAnglo-Norman barons with him in Normandy and confided the governmentof England to bishops, trusting especially his old friend Lanfranc,whom he made archbishop of Canterbury. Much concerned that the nativesshould not be unnecessarily disturbed, he allowed them to retain theirown laws and courts.

William returned to England only when it was absolutely necessary: in1075 to deal with the aftermath of a rebellion by Roger, earl ofHereford, and Ralf, earl of Norfolk, which was made more dangerous bythe intervention of a Danish fleet; and in 1082 to arrest and imprisonhis half brother Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent, who wasplanning to take an army to Italy, perhaps to make himself pope. Inthe spring of 1082 William had his son Henry knighted, and in Augustat Salisbury he took oaths of fealty from all the important landownersin England, whosoever's vassals they might be. In 1085 he returnedwith a large army to meet the threat of an invasion by Canute IV(Canute the Holy) of Denmark. When this came to nothing owing toCanute's death in 1086, William ordered an economic and tenurialsurvey to be made of the kingdom, the results of which are summarizedin the two volumes of Domesday Book.

William was preoccupied with the frontiers of Normandy. The dangerspots were in Maine and the Vexin on the Seine, where Normandybordered on the French royal demesne. After 1066 William's continentalneighbours became more powerful and even more hostile. In 1068 Fulkthe Surly succeeded to Anjou and in 1071 Robert the Frisian toFlanders. Philip I of France allied with Robert and Robert with theDanish king, Canute IV. There was also the problem of William's heirapparent, Robert Curthose, who, given no appanage and seemingly keptshort of money, left Normandy in 1077 and intrigued with his father'senemies. In 1081 William made a compromise with Fulk in the treaty ofBlancheland: Robert Curthose was to be count of Maine but as a vassalof the count of Anjou. The eastern part of the Vexin, the county ofMantes, had fallen completely into King Philip's hands in 1077 whenWilliam had been busy with Maine. In 1087 William demanded from Philipthe return of the towns of Chaumont, Mantes, and Pontoise. In July heentered Mantes by surprise, but while the town burned he suffered someinjury from which he never recovered. He was thwarted at the verymoment when he seemed about to enforce his last outstandingterritorial claim.

Death

William was taken to a suburb of Rouen, where he lay dying for fiveweeks. He had the assistance of some of his bishops and doctors, andin attendance were his half brother Robert, count of Mortain, and hisyounger sons, William Rufus and Henry. Robert Curthose was with theKing of France. It had probably been his intention that Robert, as wasthe custom, should succeed to the whole inheritance. In thecircumstances he was tempted to make the loyal Rufus his sole heir. Inthe end he compromised: Normandy and Maine went to Robert and Englandto Rufus. Henry was given great treasure with which he could purchasean appanage. William died at daybreak on September 9, in his 60thyear, and was buried in rather unseemly fashion in St. Stephen'sChurch, which he had built at Caen. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD,1996, WILLIAM I]

William* married Matilda* de Flanders Queen of England ² ^,154 in 1051 ².^,154 Matilda* was born in 1032 in Flanders, France,^² died on 3 Nov 1083 in Caen, Calvados, France^² at age 51, and was buried in Abbey of Holy Trinity, Caen.^² Another name for Matilda* was Maud.

i. Robert Beauclerc Duke of Normandy ² ^,154 was born in 1054 in Normandy, France,^{²^,154} died on 2 Oct 1134 in Cardiff Castle, Glamorganshire, Wales^{²^,154} at age 80, and was buried in Died an old man as prisoner of Henry I.^² Another name for Robert was "Curthose."

259438210 ii. Henry* 2nd King of England ² ^,154 (born in Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England - died on 11 Dec 1135 in Lyons-la Foret, Normandy, France)

518876421. Matilda* de Flanders Queen of England,² ^,154 daughter of Baldwin Flanders Count of Flanders, was born in 1032 in Flanders, France,^² died on 3 Nov 1083 in Caen, Calvados, France^² at age 51, and was buried in Abbey of Holy Trinity, Caen.^² Another name for Matilda* was Maud.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

For many years it was assumed that Gundred, who married William deWarrene, was a daughter of William I and Matilda (as indicated in ThePlantagenet Ancestry). However it is now known that Gundred was adaughter of Gherbod the Fleming (as indicated in Ancestral Roots). Thefollowing information strongly suggests that Gundred's mother wasMatilda (thus the mistaken notion that she was daughter of William I).

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copied from Bill Crawford's ancestry: crawfolk data base on WorldConnect Project, rootsweb.com
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Had Matilda of Flanders as many husbands as Adelaide, Countess ofPonthieu, and, like her, issue by each? What was the real cause of theinhibition of her marriage with William, Duke of Normandy, — its delayfor six years? What truth is there in the story of her unreturnedaffection for the Angio-Saxon Brihtric Meaw, and of her vindictiveconduct to him after she became Queen of England? I have hesitated tobelieve in the popular tradition that Duke William grossly assaultedthe daughter of Baldwin in the street or in her own chamber, not thatI have any doubt about his being capable of such an outrage, butbecause he was too politic to commit it, and she was not the woman tohave forgiven it, assuming that the offence was the simple refusal ofhis hand on the ground of his illegitimacy. It is obvious, however,that the early life of Matilda is involved in mystery, and it ishighly probable that a clearer insight into it would enable us toaccount for much which we now reject as legend, or fail to reconcilewith acknowledged facts. If there be any foundation for the story ofWilliam's brutality, the outburst of ungovernable fury might have beendue to a much greater provocation than has been assigned for it.Brihtric, the son of Algar or Alfar, sumamed Meaw (Snow), from theextreme fairness of his complexion, an Anglo-Saxon Thegn, possessor oflarge domains in England, had been sent on an embassy from King Edwardthe Confessor to the Connt of Flanders. Matilda, we are told, felldesperately in love with him, and offered herself to him in marriage!Either disgusted by her forwardness, or preferring another, hedeclined the flattering proposal. "Hell hath no fury like a womanfoiled," and she kept her wrath warm till she was in a position toruin the man she had so passionately loved. She had no sooner becomethe Queen of England than she induced William to confiscate, on somepretence, all Brihtric's estates, and obtained the greater proportionfor herself. The unfortunate Thegn was arrested at his house atHanley, in Worcestershire, on the very day Saint Wulfstan hadconsecrated a chapel of his building, dragged to Winchester, and diedin a dungeon! The truth of this story is supported by the impartialevidence of Domesday, in which Hanley and the principal manors held byBrihtric in the time of King Edward are recorded as the possessions ofQueen Matilda, and the remainder passed to Fitz Hamon.

After her hand had been rejected by the noble Saxon, it is presumedshe became the wife of a Fleming, named Gherbod, who appears to haveheld the hereditary office of Advocate of the Abbey of Saint Bertin,in St. Omers, and by whom she had at least two children, viz.,Gherbod, to whom William gave the earldom of Chester, and Gundred,"the sister of Gherbod," and wife of William de Warren. Was this aclandestine or an informal marriage, which, as it has never beenacknowledged by any chronicler, contemporary or other, might have beenunknown to the Duke of Normandy, when he proposed to one whom hebelieved to be the maiden daughter of the Count of Flanders, and thecorporal chastisement inflicted, however unworthy of a man, passedover, sub silentio, for prudential reasons, by the parties wlio hadbeen guilty of a disgraceful suppression of facts? The subsequentmarriage under such circumstances will awaken no surprise in any onewho has studied the character of William. Utterly unscrupulous,destitute of every generous, noble, or delicate feeling, every actionof his life was dictated by POLICY alone. An alliance with the Countof Flanders might be considered by the crafty schemer sufficientlyadvantageous to warrant his overlooking any objectionable antecedentsin the conduct of a granddaughter of a king of France, his firstdiscovery of which had provoked his savage nature into a momentaryebullition of fury. Her being the mother of two children was a pointin her favour with a man whose sole motive for marrying was theperpetuation of a dynasty, and the fair prospect of legitimate issue,in whose veins the blood of the Capets should enrich that of theFurrier of Falaise, would overcome any hesitation at espousing thewidow of an Advocate of St. Bertin. On the other hand, Count Baldwinwould be too happy to embrace the opportunity of reinstating hisdaughter in a position befitting her birth, and, as well as the ladyherself, gladly condone past insults for future advantages and thehope of smothering, in the splendour of a ducal wedding, the awkwardwhispers of scandal.

I have said thus much simply to show the view that may be taken ofthese mysterious circumstances, in opposition to the rose-colouredrepresentations of some modern historians, who, upon no strongerevidence, elevate the Conqueror into a model husband, and describeMatilda as the perfection of womankind.

Matilda* married William* King of England ² in 1051 ².^,154 William* King of England was born on 14 Oct 1024 in Falaise, Calvados, France,^{¹^,2} died on 9 Sep 1087 in Hermentruvilleby, Rouen, France^{¹^,2} at age 62, and was buried in Abbey of St Stephen, Caen, France.^² Other names for William* King of England were The Conqueror, William the Conqueror Beauclerc,² ^,154 William I "The Conqueror" King of England ¹.^{, and2}

General Notes: [jweber3.FTW]

Malcolm III CANMORE (b. c. 1031--d. Nov. 13, 1093, near Alnwick,Northumberland, Eng.), king of Scotland from 1058 to 1093, founder ofthe dynasty that consolidated royal power in the Scottish kingdom.

The son of King Duncan I (reigned 1034-40), Malcolm lived in exile inEngland during part of the reign of his father's murderer, Macbeth(reigned 1040-57). Malcolm killed Macbeth in battle in 1057 and thenascended the throne. After the conquest of England by William theConqueror, in 1066, Malcolm gave refuge to the Anglo-Saxon princeEdgar the Aetheling and his sisters, one of whom, Margaret (later St.Margaret), became his second wife.

Malcolm acknowledged the overlordship of William in 1072 butnevertheless soon violated his feudal obligations and made five raidsinto England. During the last of these invasions he was killed by theforces of King William II Rufus (reigned 1087-1100). Except for abrief interval after Malcolm's death, the Scottish throne remained inhis family until the death of Queen Margaret, the Maid of Norway, in1290. Of Malcolm's six sons by Margaret, three succeeded to thethrone: Edgar (reigned 1097-1107), Alexander I (1107-24), and David I(1124-53). [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97]

According to Brian Tompsett, "interred at Escorial, Madrid, Spain."

Malcolm III built Kindrochit Castle, Braemar, Aberdeenshire between1057-1093.
http://www.darkisle.com/k/kindrochit/kindrochit.html Photo ofKindrochit Castle[Master File.ftw]

[john gray.FTW]

Some say died 1098. Slew Macbeth 1057. King of Strathclyde. "Big Head"

(Malcolm Canmore), d. 1093, king of Scotland (1057-93), son of DuncanI; successor to Macbeth (d. 1057). He was raised in England. It tookhim some years after Macbeth's death to regain the boundaries of hisfather's kingdom. About 1068, Edgar
Atheling, pretender to the English throne, took refuge with Malcolm,who soon married Edgar's sister Margaret (see Margaret of Scotland,Saint). On behalf of Edgar, Malcolm invaded N England, but in 1072William I of England invaded Scotland, and
Malcolm was forced to pay homage at Abernathy. In the reign of WilliamII, Edgar joined Malcolm in his raid into England in 1091, but Williamforced both men to submit and to do homage. Malcolm was killed atAlnwick, ambushed by a Norman friend while
on still another raid into England. His frequent wars insured theindependence of his kingdom, which made possible the greatecclesiastical reorganization initiated by his wife, Margaret. QueenMargaret died 3 days after Malcolm, and Scotland was
throne into chaos. Malcolm was succeeded briefly by his brotherDonald Bane. Raised in the Hebrides by Norse, he overthrew Normanfeudalism for Viking policy. Duncan II, Malcolm's oldest son, had beenheld hostage by William Rufus, son of William the
Conqueror. He was sent with Rufus's support to overthrow Donald, andsucceeded (reigned 1093-94), but was murdered in return and Donald wasrecrowned in 1094. Edgar, Donald's half brother, is sent to take onDonald, again with the support of an Anglo
Norman army, and chases him out in 1097. (reigned 1097-1107) He makespeace with Magnus Barelegs, King of Norway, ceding him the Hebrideswhich he in fact had been ruling for many years. Upon Edgar's deathin 1107, his brother Alexander succeeds but
rules only between Forth and Spey, his youngest brother David rulessouth of Forth. Alexander marries King Henry's daughter Sibylla, andhis sister Maud becomes his new wife.

*This differs from the following info: Malcolm's daughter Edith(renamed Matilda) married Henry I of England, and another daughter wasmother to the wife of King Stephen of England.

General Notes: [jweber3.FTW]

MARGARET OF SCOTLAND, SAINT (b. c. 1045, probably Hungary--d. Nov. 16,1093, Edinburgh; canonized 1250; feast day November 16, Scottish feastday June 16), queen consort of Malcolm III Canmore and patroness ofScotland.

Margaret was brought up at the Hungarian court, where her father,Edward, was in exile. After the Battle of Hastings, Edward's widow andchildren fled for safety to Scotland. Her brother Edgar the Aetheling,defeated claimant to the English throne, joined her there. In spite ofher leanings toward a religious life, Margaret married (c. 1070)Malcolm III Canmore, king of Scotland from 1057 or 1058 to 1093.Through her influence over her husband and his court, she promoted, inconformity with the Gregorian reform, the interests of the church andof the English population conquered by the Scots in the previouscentury. She died shortly after her husband was slain near Alnwick,Northumberland. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97][Master File.ftw]

[john gray.FTW]

Canonised 1250 and her feast day is 16th November. In 1057 she arrivedat the
English court of Edward the Confessor. Ten years later she was inexile after
William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings. She fled toScotland where
she was married against her wishes to King Malcolm to whom she boresix sons
and two daughters. Her unlerned and boorish husband grew daily moregraceful
and Christian under the queen's graceful influence. She brought NormanFrench, their customs and culture, to Scotland. She forced Englishpractice on scottish clergy, supported by Malcolm, offending theCeltic north and creating a schism that would
remain for many years.
Her remains were removed to Escorial Spain and her head Douai, France.

d. 1093, queen consort of Malcolm III and sister of Edgar Atheling.She was married to Malcolm c.1070. A deeply religious woman, sheworked to replace the Celtic practices of the Scottish church withthose of Rome. She did this partly by bringing many
English priests into Scotland and founding new monasteries. She wasgenerous to the poor and led a life of extraordinary piety. She wascanonized in 1250. Feast: June 10 or, in Scotland, Nov. 16.

Sole heiress of the Saxon royal line. Queen of Scotland

"Margaret of Scotland ..... born circa 1046 as daughter of King Edwardthe
Atheling and Princess Agatha of Hungary in Reska near Nsad during the
period when her father was banished from England. At the age of 11 she
moved to the court of her great uncle, Edward the Confessor. In 1066,
after the battle of Hastings, she fled to Scotland where, in 1070, she
married King Malcolm III of Scotland. Together with the king and
Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury she reformed ecclesiastical life,removed
Celtic customs, founded Dunfermline Abbey and was a great benefactressof
the poor. She died in 1093 in Edinburgh. Canonized in 1249. Patronage:
patron saint of Scotland."
--- Clemens Jo"ckle, *Encyclopedia of Saints*, London (Alpine Fine
Arts), 1995, p 289-290

Gordon Fisher gfisher@shentel.net

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