Ancestors of Frank E. Masland IV

42729472. Robert* De Lyvenscot,¹ ^,2 son of Roger De Luvecote, was born in 1243 in Manor of Lughencot, Devonshire, England^{¹^,2} and died in 1295 in Black Torrington, Devonshire, England^² at age 52.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

ROBERT de LYVENSCOT resided in Black Torrington, in which the manor ofLovecote is situated, as appears by the Hundred Rolls of time of KingHenry III and King Edward I or from A.D. 1216 to 1307. He heldLughercot or Loghencot or Lywenscot or Lunenescot, by all which formsof spelling it appears in Sir William Pole' s "Devon". In the time ofKing Henry III, 27th year, says the same authority and granted it tohis youngest son Jordan, who also is named in the Hundred Rolls of thesame reigns.

21364736 i. Johannis De Locinggeter ¹ ^,2 (born in 1265 in Manor of Lughencot, Devonshire, England - died in Black Torrington, Devonshire, England)

44204032. Alured Denne Sir,¹ ^,2 son of William De Dene, was born about 1185 in Denne Hill Kingstone Kent England^{¹^,2} and died after 1234.^{¹^,2}

22102016 i. Walter Denne ¹ ^,2 (born about 1217 in Kingstone Kent England - died about 1257)

44204161. Ellen De Wastneys ² was born in 1351 in Oldford, Cheshire, England.^²

Ellen married John Arderne ²John was born in 1346 in Harden, Cheshire, England.^²

44225552. Nicholas de Criol, son of Bertram de Criol Lord of Kent and Emma, was born about 1225 in Croxton, Leicestershire, England and died before 10 Feb 1272.

Nicholas married Joan d' AubervilleJoan was born about 1235 in England and died on 30 Oct 1280 about age 45.

22112776 i. Nicholas De Criol Sir ² (born about 1250 in Croxton, Leicestershire, England - died on 12 Oct 1303)

44225553. Joan d' Auberville, daughter of William d' Auberville, was born about 1235 in England and died on 30 Oct 1280 about age 45.

Joan married Nicholas de CriolNicholas was born about 1225 in Croxton, Leicestershire, England and died before 10 Feb 1272.

44225554. Gilbert* Pecche Sir,² son of Hamon* Pecche ² and Eve,² was born about 1218 in Corby, Lincolnshire, England^² and died on 25 May 1291^² about age 73.

General Notes: GILBERT, son and heir, had order for livery of his inheritance 11December 1241. He was summoned, August 1260, for the campaign in Walesafter the fall of Builth Castle; to be in London 29 October 1261, withall his available force, upon the King's urgent business; and, 25 May1263 and 6 March 1263/4, for service in Wales. In 1264 Simon deMontfort was acting in alliance with Llewelyn; Gilbert Pecche seemseither to have maintained his allegiance or to have returned to itimmediately after Evesham, for he obtained a protection on 24 August1265, and again in 1266. He was summoned again for service in Wales,1276, 1282 and 1283, and to the Assembly at Shrewsbury, 1283. He wasgoing overseas in 1281. In February 1283/4 he surrendered to the Kingand Queen Eleanor all his lands held in chief in consideration of anannuity equivalent to the yearly value of such lands. He married,1stly, Maud DE HASTINGES. She died 1264 or 1265. He married, 2ndly,Joan, daughter of Simon DE CREYE, and widow of Richard DE DOVER, lordof Chilham, Kent. He died 25 May 1291. His widow was living in 1302.
[CP 10:335-6]

22112777 i. Margery Pecche ² (born about 1255 in Eynsford Stockbury and Westenhanger County Kent - died after 1319, buried in Friars Minors Bedford)

Joan married Gilbert* Pecche Sir ²Gilbert* was born about 1218 in Corby, Lincolnshire, England^² and died on 25 May 1291^² about age 73.

45621250. Hugh de Vivonia ² was born in 1195 in Somerset, England^² and died in 1269 in Somerset, England^² at age 74.

Hugh married Mabel Malet ² about 1227 in Somerset, England.² Mabel was born about 1199 in Curry Malet, Somerset, England^² and died in 1245 in Somerset, England^² about age 46.

45621251. Mabel Malet,² daughter of William* Malet II ² and Alice Basset,² was born about 1199 in Curry Malet, Somerset, England^² and died in 1245 in Somerset, England^² about age 46.

Mabel married Hugh de Vivonia ² about 1227 in Somerset, England.² Hugh was born in 1195 in Somerset, England^² and died in 1269 in Somerset, England^² at age 74.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

Sir Walkelin de ARDERNE, Knight, Justiciar of Chester

22810694 i. Peter De Arderne Sir ² (born about 1241 in Aldford, Chester, Cheshire, England - died about 1292)

45622652. Hugh* Le Despencer Sir Knight,² son of Hugh le Despenser Earl of Winchester, was born before 1223 in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England,^² died on 4 Aug 1265 in Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire, England,^² and was buried in Evesham Abbey, Evesham, Worcestersire, England.^²

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

He was of Louchborough, Burton, Hugglescote, Fresby, and Arnesby,Leicestershire; Partington and Hillam, Yorkshire; Sibsey andAukborough, Lincolnshire; Ryhall and Belmesthorp, Rutland, England.
He was appointed Constable of Horston Castle, Nov. 7, 1255. In April1257 he accompanied Richard, Earl of Cornwall, to Aachen, for thelatter's coronation, on May 17th, as King of the Romans. He wasappointed Justicier of England Oct. 25, 1260, being the nominee of theBarons. He was deprived of the position by the King in May/June 1261;appointed Justicier of England & Constable of the Tower July 16, 1263by the Barons, with assent from the King. He was in the Battle ofLewes, May 14, 1364. (Stephen Evans: SJE1@Bigfoot.com)

Hugh* married Aline Bassett Countess of Norfolk ²Aline was born in 1231 in Wooten Basset, Wiltshire, England^² and died before 11 Apr 1281.^² Another name for Aline was Aliva Alice.

45622653. Aline Bassett Countess of Norfolk,² daughter of Philip* Basset Sir and Hawise de Lovaine, was born in 1231 in Wooten Basset, Wiltshire, England^² and died before 11 Apr 1281.^² Another name for Aline was Aliva Alice.

Aline married Hugh* Le Despencer Sir Knight ²Hugh* was born before 1223 in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England,^² died on 4 Aug 1265 in Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire, England,^² and was buried in Evesham Abbey, Evesham, Worcestersire, England.^²

47362048. Robert* de Bulkiliegh Baron, son of Gilbert Le Pande Patric, was born in 1189 in Bulkeley, Cheshire, England and died in 1226 at age 37.

General Notes: Robert de Bulkeley (b c1189) was the Lord of Bulkeley in CountyCheshire. Robert was lord of the manor and came into its possession inthe reign of Henry II (1154-1189).He was the father of William.

47363072. Robert le Grosvenor Sheriff of Chester ¹⁹³ was born about 1245 in Hulme Walfield, Congleton, Cheshire, England and died before 1293.^¹⁹³

General Notes: Robert le Grosvenor, of Hulme; High Sheriff of Cheshire 1284-87;married Margery and was buried 1293. [Burke's Peerage]

47363088. John Lord de Pulford was born about 1241 in Pulford, Cheshire, England and died in 1307 about age 66.

Hugh married Margaret de RisleyMargaret was born about 1254 in Risley, Shardlow, Derbyshire, England.

23681546 i. Hugh Lord de Dutton (born on 8 Dec 1276 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England - died in 1326)

47363093. Margaret de Risley was born about 1254 in Risley, Shardlow, Derbyshire, England.

Margaret married Hugh Lord de DuttonHugh was born about 1251 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England and died in 1294 about age 43.

47363094. Hamon VI Baron de Massey Sir was born about 1230 in Dunham Massey, Bucklow, Cheshire, England and died after 1307.

Hamon married Mary de BeauchampMary was born about 1244 in Hatch, Somerset, England.

i. Cecily (Cicely) de Massey was born about 1262 in Dunham Massey, Bucklow, Cheshire, England.

23681547 ii. Isabella de Massey (born about 1280 in Dunham Massey, Bucklow, Cheshire, England)

47363095. Mary de Beauchamp was born about 1244 in Hatch, Somerset, England.

Mary married Hamon VI Baron de Massey SirHamon was born about 1230 in Dunham Massey, Bucklow, Cheshire, England and died after 1307.

47363136. Roger de Venables 4th Baron of Kinderton was born in 1211 in Kinderton cum Hulme, Northwich, Cheshire, England and died in 1261 at age 50.

Roger married Alice PenintonAlice was born in 1212 in Peninton, Cheshire, England.

i. Roese de Venables was born about 1225 in Kinderton cum Hulme, Northwich, Cheshire, England.

ii. Margaret Venables was born about 1240 in Kinderton cum Hulme, Northwich, Cheshire, England.

23681568 iii. William de Venables 5th Baron of Kinderton (born about 1245 in Kinderton cum Hulme, Northwich, Cheshire, England - died after 1292 in Kinderton cum Hulme, Northwich, Cheshire, England)

47363138. Thomas Lord de Dutton was born in 1214 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England and died in 1272 at age 58.

Thomas married Philippa de StandonPhilippa was born in 1220 in Standon, Staffordshire, England.

47363092 ii. Hugh Lord de Dutton (born about 1251 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England - died in 1294)

iii. Katherine de Dutton was born about 1259 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England.

47363139. Philippa de Standon was born in 1220 in Standon, Staffordshire, England.

Philippa married Thomas Lord de DuttonThomas was born in 1214 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England and died in 1272 at age 58.

47363140. Ralph de Vernon Rector of Hanwell ²⁶⁶ was born about 1221 in Shipbrook, Northwich, Cheshire, England and died in 1270 in Rector of Hanwell, Cheshire, England about age 49.

General Notes: Rector of Hanwell, wrested barony from his nieces, becoming de jureBaron of Shipbrook (magnate, not member of peerage).

----------------------------------------------

On Raph's elder brother, Warine:

Warine, Baron of Shipbrook; married Margaret, daughter of Ralph deAndeville and widow of Hugh de Altaribus, and had, with a son (Warine,dsp), three daughters (who, after a prolonged litigation with theirmaternal [I say paternal, since Burke's has already named Ralph ayounger brother of Warine] uncle Ralph were obliged to give up to himhalf of the patrimony). [Burke's Peerage]

Ralph married Maude Grosvenor in No Marriage. Maude was born about 1231 in Great Budworth, Runcorn, Cheshire, England and died about 1305 about age 74.

47363141. Maude Grosvenor was born about 1231 in Great Budworth, Runcorn, Cheshire, England and died about 1305 about age 74.

Maude married Ralph de Vernon Rector of Hanwell ²⁶⁶ in No Marriage. Ralph was born about 1221 in Shipbrook, Northwich, Cheshire, England and died in 1270 in Rector of Hanwell, Cheshire, England about age 49.

47363142. Ralph de Dacre Sheriff Cumberland&York Sir ²⁶⁷ was born about 1236 in Dacre, Cumberland, England and died on 3 May 1286^²⁶⁷ about age 50.

General Notes: Ranulph de Dacre, in the lifetime of his father, had been a stanchadherent of King Henry III in the conflicts between that monarch andthe barons, and upon succeeding to his inheritance, was appointedsheriff of Cumberland. In the 7th Edward I [1279], he was constitutedsheriff of Yorkshire, and continued in that trust until the end of the3rd quarter of the 8th succeeding year. This Ranulph m. Joane de Luci,and dying in the 14th Edward I, was s. by his son, William de Dacre.[Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages,Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 152, Dacre, BaronsDacre, of Gillesland, or the North]

ii. William de Dacre Sir ²⁶⁷ was born on 12 Mar 1266 in Dacre, Cumberland, England^²⁶⁷ and died before 24 Aug 1318 in Naworth Castle, Cumberland, England.^²⁶⁷

47363143. Joan de Lucy ²⁶⁷ was born about 1236 in Copeland, Cumberland, England.

General Notes: This generation is not specifically named in Burke's Peerage, but isimplied. Many people have this generation being direct ancestor ofRichard, but Burke's identified Agnes as mother of Richard.

Adam married Aurelia HowickAurelia was born in 1223 in Sefton, Lancashire, England.

Aurelia married Adam de HoghtonAdam was born in 1225 in Hoghton, Lancashire, England.

47363148. Henry de Lea was born in 1217 in Lancashire, England and died in 1288 at age 71.

23681574 i. William de Lea Baron of Kendall (born in 1237 in Kendall, Westmorland, England - died in Lea Hall, Preston, Lancashire, England)

47363150. Thomas de Banastre was born BET AND 1240 in Chester, Cheshire, England and died in Farleton, Melling Parish, Lancashire, England.

Thomas married Eleanor de BethamEleanor was born BET AND 1235 in Lancashire, England and died in 1265 in Farleton, Melling Parish, Lancashire, England.

23681575 i. Clemence de Banastre (born in 1260 in Mollington, Banastre, Cheshire, England - died in 1298)

47363151. Eleanor de Betham was born BET AND 1235 in Lancashire, England and died in 1265 in Farleton, Melling Parish, Lancashire, England.

Eleanor married Thomas de BanastreThomas was born BET AND 1240 in Chester, Cheshire, England and died in Farleton, Melling Parish, Lancashire, England.

Elizabeth married Hugh de CottonHugh was born in 1255 in Hodnet, Shropshire, England.

47363168. Robert de Langton was born BET AND 1260 in Walton on the Hill, Lancashire, England.

23681584 i. John de Langton (born BET AND 1285 in Walton on the Hill, Lancashire, England)

47363170. James de Banastre was born BET AND 1260 in Mollington, Banastre, Cheshire, England.

James married Ellen le BotelerEllen was born about 1262 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England.

23681585 i. Alice de Banastre (born BET AND 1287 in Mollington, Banastre, Cheshire, England)

Ellen married James de BanastreJames was born BET AND 1260 in Mollington, Banastre, Cheshire, England.

47363184. Robert de Radcliffe of Radcliffe Tower Sir ²⁶⁸ was born about 1210 in Radcliffe Tower, Bury, Lancashire, England and died in 1290 about age 80.

47363185. Annabilla de Trafford ²⁶⁸ was born about 1225 in Trafford, Lancashire, England.

47363186. William 7th Baron le Boteler of Warrington was born about 1231 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England and died in 1303 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England about age 72.

23681593 i. Joan le Boteler (born about 1252 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England)

ii. Henry le Boteler MP Master of Warrington was born about 1260 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England and died in 1297 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England (dvp) about age 37.

47363171 iii. Ellen le Boteler (born about 1262 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England)

iv. Jane Butler was born about 1270 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England.

Dionysia married William 7th Baron le Boteler of WarringtonWilliam was born about 1231 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England and died in 1303 in Bewsey Hall, Warrington, Lancashire, England about age 72.

47363188. Henry Culcheth was born about 1206 in Culcheth, Lancashire, England.

23681594 i. Gilbert Culcheth (born about 1238 in Culcheth, Lancashire, England - died in 1275)

47363204. John de Swynnerton Sir was born about 1178 in Little Sugnall, Staffordshire, England.

John married Petronilla de DoreslowPetronilla was born about 1176 in Staffordshire, England and died after 1215.

23681602 i. John de Swynnerton (born about 1215 in Little Sugnall, Staffordshire, England - died in 1251)

47363205. Petronilla de Doreslow was born about 1176 in Staffordshire, England and died after 1215.

Petronilla married John de Swynnerton SirJohn was born about 1178 in Little Sugnall, Staffordshire, England.

Stephen married Miss de AudleyMiss was born about 1191 in Heleigh Castle, Audley, Staffordshire, England.

47363207. Miss de Audley was born about 1191 in Heleigh Castle, Audley, Staffordshire, England.

47363264. David* le Clerc de Malpas Sheriff of Cheshire ²⁵¹ was born about 1185 in Malpas, Whitchurch, Cheshire, England and died after 1252.^²⁵¹

General Notes: David le Clerc de Malpas, JP (Cheshire); Sheriff of Cheshire 1252;held three knight's fees in Cheshire, his 2nd son [Philip]. [Burke'sPeerage]

--------------------------------------------

David de Malpas, called David le Clerk, was Justice of Chester 34thHenry II, 1188. Three different references assign to each a differentwife, but most likely he married Catherine, daughter of Owen Vaughan,Lord of Melior. He may have been married three times. He had William,eldest son, who died without legitimate issue, and left his brotherPhilip Gogh, surnamed de Egerton, as his legal heir.

David* married Catherine VaughanCatherine was born in 1185 in Mellor, Blackburn, Lancashire, England.

David* next married Beatrix de MohautBeatrix was born about 1195 in Chester, Cheshire, England and died before 1227 in Malpas, Whitchurch, Cheshire, England. Another name for Beatrix was Beatrix de \Montalt\.

i. David de Malpas ²⁷⁹ was born about 1220 in Malpas, Whitchurch, Cheshire, England.

47363265. Catherine Vaughan was born in 1185 in Mellor, Blackburn, Lancashire, England.

47363268. Randle* le Roter de Thornton Lord was born in 1162 in Thornton, Cheshire, England.

General Notes: This Randle de Torhaunt must have been Randle le Roter, Lord ofThornton, who became possessed of the Manor of Thornton and is statedby Collins to have been a son of David le Clerk, Secretary to RandleBlundeville, Earl of Chester. Randle assumed the name of le Roter, andalso of Thornton from his place of residence, and is sometimesdesignated by both. Randle Thornton died before the 28th of Henry III,having married Amicia, daughter of Richard Kingsley and his wife Joan,daughter and co-heiress of Alexander Sylvester, Lord of Stourton andForester of Wirral.

Randle* married Amicia de KingsleyAmicia was born about 1172 in Kingsley, Runcorn, Cheshire, England.

47363269. Amicia de Kingsley was born about 1172 in Kingsley, Runcorn, Cheshire, England.

General Notes: Amicia, daughter of Richard Kingsley and his wife Joan, daughter andco-heiress of Alexander Sylvester, Lord of Stourton and Forester ofWirral.

47363280. Geoffrey de Dutton was born about 1184 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England.

Geoffrey married Agnes de MasseyAgnes was born in 1188 in Dunham Massey, Bucklow, Cheshire, England.

23681640 i. Geoffrey de Dutton (born in 1207 in Nether Tabley, Bucklow, Cheshire, England - died in 1296 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England)

ii. Agnes de Dutton was born about 1210 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England.

47363281. Agnes de Massey was born in 1188 in Dunham Massey, Bucklow, Cheshire, England.

Agnes married Geoffrey de DuttonGeoffrey was born about 1184 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England.

47363336. Vivian de Davenport was born in 1204 in Chester, Cheshire, England and died in Prestbury, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England.

Vivian married Beatrix de HulmeBeatrix was born about 1208 in Chester, Cheshire, England.

23681668 i. Roger de Davenport (born in 1226 in Chester, Cheshire, England - died before 1296 in Davenport, Congleton, Cheshire, England)

47363337. Beatrix de Hulme was born about 1208 in Chester, Cheshire, England.

Beatrix married Vivian de DavenportVivian was born in 1204 in Chester, Cheshire, England and died in Prestbury, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England.

47363338. Robert Salemon was born about 1200 in Withington, Cheshire, England.

23681669 i. Mary Salemon (born in 1228 in Withington, Cheshire, England - died about 1300 in Davenport, Congleton, Cheshire, England)

47363346. Geoffrey de Dutton, son of Geoffrey de Dutton and Agnes de Massey, was born in 1207 in Nether Tabley, Bucklow, Cheshire, England and died in 1296 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England at age 89.
(Duplicate. See Below)

47363347. Margaret was born in 1212 in Cheshire, England.
(Duplicate. See Below)

47363356. Robert Downes was born about 1206 in Chorley, Northwich, Cheshire, England.

23681678 i. Robert Downes (born about 1238 in Chorley, Northwich, Cheshire, England)

47363358. Sir Hugh Fitton was born in 1204 in Bollin Fee, Wilmslow (Le Bolyn), Cheshire, England and died before 1271.

General Notes: Copied from John Buschman, World Connect DB=jackwb3, rootsweb.com:

Hugh Phiton or Fyton or Fitton had a grant of Rushton and Eaton, withvarious privileges from John Scot, Earl of Chester. He had Edmund anda daughter Margery.

Source: "Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith " Call Number: CS71.S643,Ormerod's Hist. Cheshire, Vol. 3, p. 379.

i. Edmund Fitton was born in 1234 in Bollin Fee, Wilmslow (Le Bolyn), Cheshire, England.

23681679 ii. Margaret Fitton (born about 1241 in Rudheath, Northwich, Cheshire, England)

47363456. Roger de Davenport, son of Vivian de Davenport and Beatrix de Hulme, was born in 1226 in Chester, Cheshire, England and died before 1296 in Davenport, Congleton, Cheshire, England.
(Duplicate. See Below)

47363457. Mary Salemon, daughter of Robert Salemon, was born in 1228 in Withington, Cheshire, England and died about 1300 in Davenport, Congleton, Cheshire, England about age 72.
(Duplicate. See Below)

47363458. Thomas de Macclesfield was born about 1225 in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England.

23681729 i. Agnes de Macclesfield (born about 1260 in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England - died about 1322 in Davenport, Congleton, Cheshire, England)

ii. Catherine de Venables was born about 1298 in Kinderton cum Hulme, Northwich, Cheshire, England.

47363465. Agnes de Legh Heiress of West Hall ²⁰⁶ was born about 1250 in West Hall, High Legh, Cheshire, England.

General Notes: Agnes de Leigh; married 1st Richard de Lymm and had a son (Thomas,took mother's name); married 2nd William de Hawardyn; married 3rdWilliam Venables and by him had [John]. Burke's Peerage]

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Following Copied from "Leigh and Legh of High Legh" website,www.users.totalise.co.uk:
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The Leigh Family of West Hall

D. & S. Lysons in Magna Britannia, give details of the relationship ofseveral branches of the Legh and Leigh families and the notes belowshown indented are simplified from this source. The Leighs of WestHall arrived in High Legh about 70 years after the Leghs of East Hall.

"Egerton Leigh of West Hall in High Legh and Twemlow, Esq. isdescended from Richard Lymme who in the late 13th century marriedAgnes the daughter and sole heiress of Richard de Legh. Agnes had asecond husband, William Venables, and they had a son, John, who (also)took the name of Legh and settled at Booths. William Venables wasdescended from Gilbert Venables the first baron of Kinderton who heldland in Cheshire under Hugh Lupus after the Norman Conquest.

Agnes married William de Venables ²⁰⁶ before 1280 in 3rd husband.²⁰⁶ William was born about 1263 in Kinderton cum Hulme, Northwich, Cheshire, England and died after 1300 in Bradwell, Cheshire, England.

Agnes next married Richard de Lymm Lord of West Hall ²⁰⁶ in 1st husband.²⁰⁶ Richard was born about 1250 in Lymm, Bucklow, Cheshire, England and died before 1280 in West Hall, High Legh, Cheshire, England.

Agnes next married William de Hawardyn ²⁰⁶ in 2nd husband.²⁰⁶ William was born about 1250 in Hawarden, Flintshire, England.

23681733 i. Ellen Dent ²⁰⁶ (born about 1280 in Cheshire, England - died before 1305)

47363490. William* de Brereton Sir was born BET AND 1241 in Brereton, Cheshire, England.

General Notes: Sir William Brereton of Brereton, ward of Sir Richard Sonbach(Sandbach), who had grant of the wardship of said William from Williamde Venables, Baron of Kinderton, to marry him or his younger brother,Gilbert Brereton, if William died under age, to one of the legitimatedaughters of Richard Sandbach. Such were the precious servitudes ofour ancestors; and great must have been the docility and tractabilityof the adults (and it is a remarkable trait in feudal manners) insubmitting their inclinations in the serious article of marriage tothe inscrutable wisdom of their seniors. Accordingly we find the heirof Brereton, William, was (nolens volens) married to the daughter ofRichard Sandbach. The manor of Sandbach is given in Domesday among thepossessions of the Bigot-Bigod family, whose manors subsequentlyformed the fee of Aldford, of which Sandbach was a dependency. Afamily was certainly settled here in the reign of King John, who heldSandbach from Aldford fee, and had assumed the local name. Near themanor house of Sandbach is the market place containing the Crosses ofSandbach, which may indisputably be ranked among the finest monumentsof antiquity, of the kind, now existing in the kingdom. They aresupposed to have been erected shortly after the introduction ofChristianity on the places where it was first preached. The presentheight of the Greater Cross is 16 ft. 8 in.

William* married Cicelie de SandbachCicelie was born about 1250 in Sandbach, Congleton, Cheshire, England.

23681745 ii. Jane de Brereton (born BET AND 1288 in Brereton, Cheshire, England)

47363491. Cicelie de Sandbach was born about 1250 in Sandbach, Congleton, Cheshire, England.

47363500. Peter de Arderne Sir Knight ²⁷² ^,273 was born about 1241 in Aldford, Chester, Cheshire, England and died about 1292^{²⁷²^,280} about age 51.

ii. Agnes de Arderne ²⁸¹ ^,282 was born about 1270 in Aldford, Cheshire, England.

iii. Cecily de Arderne was born about 1292 in Aldford, Chester, Cheshire, England.

47363502. Prince of Powys Gruffudd ap Madog ²⁰⁴ was born about 1218 in Powys, Montgomeryshire, Wales, died in 1269 about age 51, and was buried in Lord of Bromfield.^²⁵³

Prince married Emma de Audley ²⁰⁴ about 1243 in Heligh Castle, Audley, Staffordshire, England. Emma was born about 1218 in Heleigh Castle, Audley, Staffordshire, England. Another name for Emma was Emma de \Alditheley\.

i. Angharad verch Gruffudd was born about 1245 in Powys, Montgomeryshire, Wales and died after 22 Jun 1308.

47363503. Emma de Audley ²⁰⁴ was born about 1218 in Heleigh Castle, Audley, Staffordshire, England. Another name for Emma was Emma de \Alditheley\.

Emma married Prince of Powys Gruffudd ap Madog ²⁰⁴ about 1243 in Heligh Castle, Audley, Staffordshire, England. Prince was born about 1218 in Powys, Montgomeryshire, Wales, died in 1269 about age 51, and was buried in Lord of Bromfield.^²⁵³

Emma next married Sir Henry TouchetSir was born about 1216 in Tattenhall, Cheshire, England and died on 8 Jan 1242 about age 26.

i. Sir Thomas Touchet was born about 1240 in Buglawton, Cheshire, England and died before 1 May 1315.

General Notes: William de Ros, of Hamlake, upon giving security for the payment of£100 for his relief, had livery of his lands. This feudal lord, in thelifetime of his father, was an active supporter of the baronial causeand was made prisoner at the battle of Lincoln (1st Henry III) [1216]by the royalists but soon after released and delivered up to hisfather upon bail. He was subsequently engaged in the wars of Gasconyand he had two military summonses in the 42nd Henry III [1258] tomarch against the Scots and Welsh. By the deaths of his two greataunts, the sisters of his grandmother, Rose Trusbut, s. p., he becamesole heir of the baronial estate of Trusbut and Watre. He m. Lucia,dau. of Reginald Fitz-Piers, of Blewleveny, in Wales, and d. in 1258.He was s. by his son, Robert de Ros. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant andExtinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage Ltd, London, England, 1883, p. 458,Ros, or Roos, Baron Ros]

William* married Lucy FitzPiersLucy was born about 1208 in Brecknock, Wales and died after 1266.

27167002 i. William* de Ros Sir (born about 1240 in Ingmanthorpe, Kirk Deighton, Yorkshire, England - died before 28 May 1310)

Lucy married William* de Ros LordWilliam* was born about 1196 in Helmsley Castle, North Ride Yorkshire, England and died in 1264 in Poitou, France about age 68.

General Notes: Agnes de Leigh; married 1st Richard de Lymm and had a son (Thomas,took mother's name). [Burke's Peerage]

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Folloowing Copied from "Leigh and Legh of High Legh" website,www.users.totalise.co.uk:
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The Leigh Family of West Hall

Ormerod shows the Leigh family of West Hall descending from Thomas deLegh, who died in 10 Edw. II (1317). The male heirs married into theMassy family of Winsham, the Leicesters of Nether Tabley, the Boothsof Dunham Massy and the Davenports of Davenport.... Several membersof the family were clergy with connections to Lymm in Cheshire

54334364. Edward de Cheadle, son of Geoffrey de Dutton and Margaret, was born about 1230 in Dutton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England and died in 1315 in Cheadle, Stockport, Cheshire, England about age 85.

54334368. Stephen de Swynnerton Sir, son of John de Swynnerton and Margery de Swynnerton, was born about 1235 in Isewall, Staffordshire, England and died in 1276 in Swynnerton, Staffordshire, England about age 41.

27167184 i. Roger de Swynnerton (born in 1255 in Swynnerton, Staffordshire, England - died on 8 Feb 1297 in Swynnerton, Staffordshire, England)

54334380. Roger la Zouche Sir Knight, son of Alan* la Zouche Sir and Helen Ellen De Quincy,² was born between 1240 and 1242 in Ashby, Leicestershire, England and died on 15 Oct 1285 in Ashby, Leicestershire, England.

Roger married Ela de Longespee before 19 Jul 1267 in Northamptonshire, England.²⁸³ Ela was born about 1246 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England and died on 19 Jul 1276 about age 30.

27167190 i. Alan* la Zouche Baron ²⁵⁹ ^,260 (born on 9 Oct 1267 in North Molton, Devonshire, England - died on 25 Mar 1314 in Ashby, Leicestershire, England)

Ela married Roger la Zouche Sir Knight before 19 Jul 1267 in Northamptonshire, England.²⁸³ Roger was born between 1240 and 1242 in Ashby, Leicestershire, England and died on 15 Oct 1285 in Ashby, Leicestershire, England.

54334400. William* de Brereton Sir was born BET AND 1241 in Brereton, Cheshire, England.
(Duplicate. See Below)

54334401. Cicelie de Sandbach was born about 1250 in Sandbach, Congleton, Cheshire, England.
(Duplicate. See Below)

54334408. Philip* Malpas de Egerton Sheriff of Chester, son of David* de Egerton and Cicely Roter de Thornton, was born about 1257 in Egerton, Nantwich, Cheshire, England and died in 1317 about age 60.
(Duplicate. See Below)

54334409. Margaret de Wrenbury, daughter of Richard de Wrenbury and Catherine de Courtenay, was born about 1270 in Wrenbury cum Frith, Nantwich, Cheshire, England and died after 1317.
(Duplicate. See Below)

55115776. Grimaldus*,¹ ^,2 son of Anchetal de Bacon, was born between 1032 and 1042 in Bacon, Normandy.^{¹^,2} Another name for Grimaldus* was Grimald.

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

From Genforum:

Grimaldus m. Unknown. Bacon is the name of an ancient seigniory inNormandy, and from this place the Norman ancestors in England tooktheir name nearly a thousand years ago. According to the genealogy ofthe Suffolk family of Bacon, one Grimald, or Grimaldus, a relative ofthe Norman chieftain, William de Warrenne, came to England in 1066 atthe time of the Conquest and settled near Holt, in County Suffolk. Hisson, or Great Grandson Robert, took the surname Bacon, or ratherassumed the use of the place-name as a surname. In the north of Francethe surname Bacon is still in use. William Bacon in 1082 endowed theAbbey of Holy Trinity at Caen. The surname Bacon is found in theBattle Rolls in England in the eleventh century and in the HundredRolls in the thirteenth. There are occasional variations in spelling,such as Bacun and Bachun, and in some instances the surname Bacon mayhave been corrupted from Beacon. Some derive the surname from theSaxon baccen or baccen, a beech tree.

55116066. Conan Mynston ² was born about 1210 in Letheringsette, England.^²

General Notes: [bartlett3.FTW]

[destopham.FTW]

"A sketch of The History of Newbury, Newburyport, and West Newburyfrom 1635-1845", by Joshua Coffin, Boston, 1845, P 388: In 1280 thename was spelled Bartelot, afterwards Bartholot, Bartolot, Bartelet,Bartlett, and Bartlet. In John Fox's book of Martyrs, printed in 1610,I find Richard, Robert, Sarah, and Isabella Bartlet, protestantmartyrs, persecuted by John Longland, popish bishop of the diocese ofLincoln in the year 1521.

Curia Regis Roll, I. 57

28442624 i. Robert* Barttelot ²⁰⁸ (born about 1196 in Stopham, Sussex, England - died after 1227 in Stopham, Sussex, England)

59375744. Maurice* Fitz Harding De Berkeley,² son of Robert* Fitz Harding ² and Eve Fitz Estmond,² was born about 1120 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England,^² died on 16 Jun 1190 in Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire^² about age 70, and was buried in Brentford, Middlesex, England.^²

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

aka Maurice the Make Peace; feudal lord of Berkeley; enlarged BerkeleyCastle
5. [Berkeley] MAURICE FlTZ ROBERT FITZ HARDING, otherwise DE BERKELEY,feudal LORD OF BERKELEY, son and heir, who "may bee called Maurice theMake Peace, born about 1120, in Bristol, received (at the same date ashis father) a confirmation of the grant of Berkeley from Henry II, in1155, and again 30 October 1189 from Queen Eleanor, Regent to her sonRichard I. In 1190 he was Justice Itinerant in co. Gloucester. Heenlarged the Castle of Berkeley, which thenceforth became the chief
seat of, and gave the name to, the family. He married, in 11 53 or1154, at Bristol, Alice, 1st daughter (but not heir or coheir) of hisdispossessed predecessor, Roger DE BERKELEY, feudal Lord of Dursley(formerly "fermer" of Berkeley), with whom he had the manor ofSlimbridge, as by agreement between their respective fathers. He died16 June 1190, and was buried in the church of Brentford, Middlesex.His widow died at an " extreame old age." [CP 2:126]

29687872 i. Thomas* De Berkeley Lord ² (born about 1170 in Berkeley, GLS, ENG - died on 29 Nov 1243 in Berkeley Castle, GLS, ENG)

Alice married Maurice* Fitz Harding De Berkeley ²Maurice* was born about 1120 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England,^² died on 16 Jun 1190 in Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire^² about age 70, and was buried in Brentford, Middlesex, England.^²

59375746. Ralph* de Somery was born about 1151 in Dudley, WOR, ENG and died in 1210 about age 59. Another name for Ralph* was Ralph de Somery.

General Notes: RALPH DE SOMERY, son and heir. In 1194-9 5 he offered 300 marks tohave seisin of the barony which was of his mother's brother, GervasePaynel; and in the same year was returned as owing 50 l. scutage forthe King's ransom. In November 1193 he had been at Speyer with theKing. In 1199-1200 he was in the King's service overseas; in 1201-02he paid a fine of 100 marks for 50 knights not to cross; in 1202/3 hewas directed to take from the Jews of Domfront 50 l, to pay soldiers.By charter dated 23 August 1204 the King granted him the manor of Merein exchange for the manor of Wolverhampton. In the same year he isrecorded as having held ½ fee at Rouilli (in the Passeis). He marriedMargaret, sister of William (MARSHAL), EARL OF PEMBROKE, and daughterof John FITZGILBIERT the Marshal, by his 2nd wife Sibyl, sister ofPatrick (DE SALISBURY), 1st EARL OF WILTSHIRE. He died Michaelmas1210. His widow married, 2ndly, Maurice DE GANT, and was living in1242-43.
[CP 12[1]:110-11, 14:586]

Ralph* married Margaret FitzJohnMargaret was born about 1160 and died after 1242.

ii. Roger* de Somery was born about 1183 in Dudley, WOR, ENG and died about 26 Aug 1273 about age 90.

Margaret married Ralph* de SomeryRalph* was born about 1151 in Dudley, WOR, ENG and died in 1210 about age 59. Another name for Ralph* was Ralph de Somery.

59375749. Isabella Taillefer de Angouleme Queen of England ² ^,154 was born in 1188 in Angouleme, Charente, France,^{²^,154} died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevault Abbey, Fonervrault, Maine-et-Loire, France^{²^,154} at age 58, and was buried in Fontevault Abbey, Fonervrault, Maine-et-Loire, France.^{²^,154} Another name for Isabella was Isabella De Angouleme.²
(Duplicate. See Below)

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

elder brother of Alan, 1st Viscount Rohan, who built Castle of Rohanin 1115

59376640. Henry* de Grey Baron of Codner,² ^,154 son of Richard* de Grey, was born in 1161 in Codner Derbyshire^{²^,154} and died in 1219^{²^,154} at age 58. Another name for Henry* was Henry de Grey.²

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

He obtained from Richard I the manor of Turoc in Essex in 1190.

Henry* married Isolde* Bardolf ² ^,154 in 1199 in Thurrock Essex ².^,154 Isolde* was born in 1182 in Hoo, Kent^{²^,154} and died in 1246^{²^,154} at age 64. Other names for Isolde* were Iseude and Iseude de Bardolf.²

29688320 i. John de Grey ² (born in Shirland, DBY, ENG - died before 18 Mar 1266)

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

[john gray.FTW]

also b. 1168
The Village of Hoo St Werburgh

Here we have another of those Hoo Peninsular villages distinguishedfrom its neighbours by the name of its 13th century church, one of thewonders of which is the yew tree in the churchyard which is said to beanything from six hundred to a thousand
years old.

In fact, the parish became formally Hoo St Werburgh only as recentlyas 1968. Before that, although the name was used, most of the localpeople simply called it Hoo - as, indeed, they still do.

When Richard Church wrote about Hoo in 1948 he referred to it as cutoff from the mainstream of life, but since then the mainstream hasbroadened out a bit in this part of the county and today Hoo StWerburgh is no longer small and remote, but quite
large, although there is still a sense of remoteness about it, andsome vestiges of its past linger among the modernity.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the village was almostthrust into that mainstream of life when land that had been whollyagricultural until then began to be valued more as an industrial rawmaterial. Gravel was dug there, bricks were made
there, so was pottery. The barges that carried away the productsbusied the river frontage. The industrial life of Hoo St Werburghlasted until the 1930s after which it declined, leaving behind thepits from which the mineral wealth was dig.

The embarrassing Dutch raid on the Medway in 1667 brought soldiers toHoo, to man Cockham Wood Fort, but the fort was never needed and verylittle of it remains now. The Hoo fort, like its twin, Darnet Fort,was built in the 1860s as part of the
defences against the expected Napoleonic invasion. Both wereoriginally intended to mount twenty-five guns on two tiers, but whilethe forts were still being built it was obvious they were going tosink into the marsh under the weight of that much
ordnance, and in the end the Hoo fort was armed with only eleven 9inch rifled muzzle loaders, with stores and accommodation for thegunners.

The fort remains in reasonably good condition and although it wasdisarmed before WW1 it remained Ministry of Defence property andcannot be visited.

Neither the brickworks nor the pottery have survived and today farmingis again the most important local industry, while most of theresidents look to the Medway Towns, Thames-side or London for theirdaily bread.

59377412. Ranulf FitzRobert died before 7 Dec 1252 and was buried in Coverham Abbey.

29688706 i. Ralph FitzRandolph (born about 1225 in Middleham, YKS, ENG - died in 1270)

59377413. Mary Bigod, daughter of Ralph Bigod, was born about 1205 in Menethorpe, TKS, ENG.

Mary married Ranulf FitzRobertRanulf died before 7 Dec 1252 and was buried in Coverham Abbey.

59377424. Adam De Aldithley,² son of Liulf Of Aldithley, was born about 1147 in Heleigh, Audley, Staffordshire, England^² and died after 1203.^²

29688712 i. Henry* de Audley Sheriff (born about 1175 in Heleigh, Audley, Staffordshire, England - died before 19 Nov 1246 in Mainwaring, Bersted, Sussex, England)

Emma married Adam De Aldithley ²Adam was born about 1147 in Heleigh, Audley, Staffordshire, England^² and died after 1203.^²

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

Illegitimate
Ancestral File Number: 8WK7-T5
!"Royal Ancestors" by Michel Call, 1989, Chart # 11210, # 11397.
*note* There is a disagreement about Amicia's ancestry. There is noquestion
that Hugh de Meschines is her father, but concerning her mother isanother
matter. Some including the LDS Archive records record Amicia as alegitmate
daughter of Hugh and his wife, Beatrade de Mentfort, as I haverecorded on
these charts. Others, like Gary Boyd Roberts (Colonial Ancestory ofThomas
Jefferson) and Ernest-Friedrick Kraentzler (Ancestry of RichardPlantagenet)
either list her as an illegitament daughter or simply list her motheras
unknown.
The earl had another dau., whose legitimacy is questionable, namely,Amicia,* m. to Ralph de Mesnilwarin, justice of Chester, "a person,"says Dugdale, "of very ancient family," from which union theMainwarings, of Over Peover, in the co. Chester, derive. Dugdaleconsiders Amicia to be a dau. of the earl by a former wife. But SirPeter Leicester, in his Antiquities of Chester, totally denies herlegitimacy. "I cannot but mislike," says he, "the boldness andignorance of that herald who gave to Mainwaring (late of Peover), theelder, the quartering of the Earl of Chester's arms; for if he oughtof right to quarter that coat, then must he be descended from aco-heir to the Earl of Chester; but he was not; for the co-heirs ofEarl Hugh married four of the greatest peers in the kingdom."

* Upon the question of this lady's legitimacy there was a long paperwar between Sir Peter Leicester and Sir Thomas Mainwaring---andeventually the matter was referred to the judges, of whose decisionWood says, "at an assize held at Chester, 1675, the controversy wasdecided by the justices itinerant, who, as I have heard, adjudged theright of the matter to Mainwaring." [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant andExtinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, pp. 365-6,Meschines, Earls of Chester]

Amicia married Rafe De Mainwaring ²Rafe was born in 1155.^² Another name for Rafe was Ralph De Mainwaring.²

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

William Longespee became Earl of Salisbury in right of his wife. Inthe beginning of King John's reign this nobleman was sheriff ofWiltshire, he was afterwards warden of the marches of Wales, and thensheriff of the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon. About this period(14th John ) [1213], the baronial contest commencing, WilliamLongespee at once espoused the royal cause and maintained it sostoutly that he was included by the barons amongst the evilcouncillors of the crown. The next year he was again constitutedsheriff of Wilts and he held the office from that time during theremainder of his life. He had also a grant of the honour of Eye, inSuffolk, and was the same year a witness to the agreement made betweenKing John and the barons as guarantee for the former. He was likewisea witness to the charter whereby John resigned his kingdom to thePope. After this we find him a principal leader in the royal armyuntil the very close of John's reign, when he swerved in his loyaltyand joined, for a short period, the ranks of Lewis of France. Upon theaccession, however, of Henry III [1216], he did homage to thatmonarch, particularly for the county of Somerset, which the king thengave him; and joining with William Marshall. governor of the king andkingdom, raised the siege of Lincoln when he was constituted sheriffof Lincolnshire and governor of Lincoln Castle, being invested at thesame time with sheriff of the co. of Somerset, and governorship of thecastle of Shirburne. His lordship soon afterwards accompanied the Earlof Chester to the Holy Land, and was at the battle of Damieta, inwhich the crescent triumphed. He served subsequently in the Gasconwars, whence returning to England, Dugdale relates, "there arose sogreat a tempest at sea that, despairing of life, he threw his moneyand rich apparel overboard. But when all hopes were passed, theydiscerned a mighty taper of wax burning bright at the prow of the shipand a beautiful woman standing by it who preserved it from wind andrain so that it gave a clear and bright lustre. Upon sight of whichheavenly vision both himself and the mariners concluded of theirfuture security, but everyone there being ignorant what this visionmight portend except the earl, he, however, attributed it to thebenignity of the blessed virgin by reason that, upon the day when hewas honoured with the girdle of knighthood, he brought a taper to heraltar to be lighted ever day at mass when the canonical hours used tobe sung, and to the intent that, for this terrestrial light, he mightenjoy that which is eternal." A rumour, however, reached England ofthe earls having been lost, and Hubert de Burgh, with the concurrenceof the king, provided a suitor for his supposed widow, but the lady,in the interim, having received letters from her husband, rejected thesuit with indignation. The earl soon after came to the king atMarlborough and, being received with great joy, he preferred a strongcomplaint against Hubert de Burgh, adding that, unless the king woulddo him right therein, he should vindicate himself otherwise to thedisturbance of the public peace. Hubert, however, appeased his wrathwith rich presents, and invited him to his table, where it is assertedthat he was poisoned, for he retired to his castle of Salisbury inextreme illness and died almost immediately after, anno 1226. Hislordship left issue, four sons and five daus., viz., William, hissuccessor; Richard, a canon of Salisbury; Stephen, Justiciary ofIreland; Nicholas, bishop of Salisbury; Isabel, m. to William deVesci; Ela, m. 1st, to Thomas, Earl of Warwick, and 2ndly to PhilipBasset, of Hedendon; Idonea, m. to William de Beauchamp, Baron ofBedford; Lora, a nun at Lacock; and Ela, jun., m. to William deOdingsells. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited andExtinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p.167, d'Evereux, Earls of Salisbury]

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I have attached William to Rosamund Clifford as that is how it isshown by Brian Tompsett at Directory of Royal Genealogical Data,although he provides the following notes: "The House of Clifford,Chapter 5: Much controversy surrounds the identity of the Mother ofWilliam, for Rosamund was not the king's only mistress, though thereare many who believe she was. Those who dispute Rosamund's claim basetheir case on the disparity in the ages of all concerned, but there isother evidence as well which can not be ignored. Unfortunately, therecords date neither the birth of Rosamund nor that of her father, orher reputed sons. Documents also indicate an Ida, and an Ykenai as hismother. Died on Crusade."

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William Longsword, 3rd earl of Salisbury, Longsword also spelledLONGESPÉE (d. March 7, 1226, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Eng.), anillegitimate son of Henry II of England, and a prominent baron,soldier, and administrator under John and Henry III. He acquired hislands and title from Richard I, who in 1196 gave him the hand of theheiress Ela, or Isabel, daughter of William, earl of Salisbury. Heheld numerous official positions in England under John.

He was sent on missions to France (1202) and to Germany (1209). In1213-14 he organized John's Flemish allies, taking part in thedestruction (1213) of the French fleet at Damme, then the port ofBruges, and leading the right wing of the allied army at Bouvines(July 27, 1214), where he was captured. He was exchanged and was backin England by May 1215, when he was employed by John in inspecting thedefenses of royal castles and fighting the rebels in the southwest.

During John's war against the barons, Salisbury deserted the kingafter the landing of Louis of France (May 1216); he returned to royalallegiance, however, by March 1217, fought at Lincoln (May) andSandwich (August), and attested the Treaty of Kingston (September1217). Salisbury held various posts during the minority of Henry IIIand served against the Welsh in 1223 and in Gascony in 1225. He andhis wife were benefactors of Salisbury Cathedral and laid foundationstones of the new cathedral in 1220. William was buried there and hiseffigy, a splendid early example, still survives. [Britannica CD '97]

EARLDOM OF WILTSHIRE
IV. 3.
EARLDOM OF SALISBURY

III. 3. ELA (or ISABEL), only daughter and heir, born circa 1191, in1196 was given by Richard I, with the Earldom of SALISBURY, to hisbastard brother, WILLIAM LONGESPEE. He was with Richard I in Normandy1196-98; and was present at John's Coronation, 27 May 1199. Sheriff ofWilts, Midsummer 1199-1202; 1203-1207; 1213 till his death. In 1202 hewent on a diplomatic mission to France; in 1203 he was keeper of thecastle of Avranches; in 1204, with the Earl Marshal, he escortedLlewelyn to the King at Worcester. Keeper of the castle and honor ofEye, 1205; in which year he led a small band of knights to Rochelle.He was of the escort of William the Lion, King of Scots, to meet Johnat York, November 1206. In 1208, when the King anticipated theInterdict by several orders regarding monks and clergy who refused tocelebrate divine service, those of the diocese of Ely were put underthe direction of the Earl of Salisbury. He headed an Embassy in March1209 to the prelates and princes of Germany, on behalf of the King'snephew Otto; in December he was appointed Keeper of the March ofWales. He attended John on his expedition to Ireland, 1210. From May1212 to March 1215/6 sheriff of Cambs and Hunts; sometime (certainlyin 1212-13, when invasion from France threatened) Keeper of DoverCastle; in Aug. 1212, supervisor of the keeper of the Archbishopric ofCanterbury. He was one of the 4 Earls who, at Dover in May 1213, sworethat John would observe the terms laid down by the Pope forsatisfaction of the bishops, and witnessed his declaration of homageto the Papal See. He was then preparing an expedition, of which he wasjoint commander, to help the Count of Flanders against France. In Junehe went overseas again in the same cause, with a credit of over 20,000marks. In 1214, as Marshal of the King of England, he commandedcombined forces which recovered almost all Flanders for the Count; buton 27 July the Earl and the Counts of Flanders and Boulogne werecaptured at the battle of Bouvines. In May 1215 he was one of the 3Earls appointed to visit and examine the state of the royal castles,and a messenger from the King to the City of London; and he was atRunnymede in June, on the King's side. Later in the year, with Falkesde Bréauté, the Earl led a punitive expedition into the easterncounties. He remained a zealous loyalist till after mid-June 1216;but, presumably before the end of the month, when Louis had enteredWinchester, the Earl surrendered Salisbury Castle to him. He hadreturned to his allegiance before 7 March 1216/7, when his lands wererestored to him. On 14 March he had a grant of Sherborne Castle andthe co. of Somerset, and under grants of Somerset and Devon, 14 and 17August, he served as sheriff of both counties till Michaelmas 1217. AtWhitsuntide he marched with the Earl Marshal to the relief of Lincoln.In August he was with Hubert de Burgh in the victory over the Frenchfleet off Thanet, and in September he witnessed the treaty with Louisat Lambeth. He was among the guarantors of the truce with France,March 1219/20. In 1220 he and his Countess laid the 4th and 5th stonesat the founding of the new cathedral at New Sarum. He was with theKing, October 1223, in the successful expedition against Llewellyn. In1224 Keeper of the Castles of Bridgnorth and Shrewsbury, accounting assheriff of Salop and Staffs, Christmas 1223 to Michaelmas 1224. In1225 he went with the young Earl of Cornwall, as supervisorycommander, on a successful expedition to Gascony. He died 7 March1225/6 in Salisbury Castle, and was buried in the Cathedral. After hisdeath, the Countess, who (according to the Lacock account) was born1187, did homage for her inheritance, 19 March 1225/6; on the 23rd shewas required to surrender Salisbury Castle; the county of Wilts wascommitted to her during pleasure, 22 January 1226/7. She foundedLacock Abbey, 1229; took the veil there in 1238; was Abbess, 1240-57;died 24 August 1261, and was buried there. [CP 11:379-82]

William* married Ela* Fitzpatrick Countess of Salisbury ²Ela* was born after 1187 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England,^² died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock Abbey, WIL, ENG, and was buried in Lacock Abbey, WIL, ENG.

29688714 ii. William* De Longespee Sir Knight ² (born about 1207 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England - died on 7 Feb 1250 in Slain by Saracens at Battle of Mansura, Nile Delta, Egypt)

iii. Ida* de Longespee was born about 1204 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England and died in AFT. 1266.

59377429. Ela* Fitzpatrick Countess of Salisbury,² daughter of William* de Salisbury and Eleanor de Vitrie, was born after 1187 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England,^² died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock Abbey, WIL, ENG, and was buried in Lacock Abbey, WIL, ENG.

General Notes: Countess of Salisbury, buried in Lacock Abbey, WIL, England. Countessof Devereaux

Incidentally, Ela herself was also an Abbess at the same time. She hadfounded Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire, in 1232, became a nun there in 1238(taking her vows on Christmas Day). Two years later she became itsAbbess, living there for the next twenty years until her death in1261. This caused big problems for her inheritance. For while she wasstill alive she remained Countess even though living in the Abbey, andthe King would not permit her son to become Earl. Her son is said tohave gone to Rome in 1247 to petition the Pope to gain the title,without success. The same applied to her grandson, and it was onlyafter Ela's death that the titles came to her great-granddaughterMargaret, already married for four years to Henry Lacy, Earl ofLincoln.

Diana Trenchard

Ela* married William* E. De Longespee ²William* was born before 1173 in Salisbury, England^² and died on 7 Mar 1226 in Salisbury Castle, Wiltishire, England.^² Another name for William* was William Longespee.

63438848. Walter De Holcombe,¹ ^,2 son of Symon De Holcombe, was born about 1156 in Probably Hull, Devon Co., England^{¹^,2} and died in Probably Hull, Devon Co., England.^²

31719424 i. John* Holcombe Sir ¹ ^,2 (born about 1175 in England - died about 1269 in Hull, Devon County, England)

63440042. John* Giffard was born on 19 Jan 1232 in Brimpsfield, GLS, ENG, died on 29 May 1299 in Boynton, WIL, ENG at age 67, and was buried on 11 Jun 1299 in Malmesbury Abbey.

General Notes: BARONY OF GIFFARD

I. 1. SIR JOHN GIFFARD, of Brimpsfield, Badgeworth, Stonehouse, StokeGifford, and Rockhampton, co. Gloucester, Elston, Orcheston St.George, Sherrington, Ashton, and Broughton Gifford, Wilts, son andheir of Sir Elis GIFFARD, of Brimpsfield, &c. (who died shortly before2 May 1248), by his 2nd wife, Alice, sister of Sir John MAUTRAVERS, ofLytchet Matravers, Dorset. He was aged 16, or 16 and more, at hisfather's death. With several other barons, he seized the Bishop ofHereford, 11 June 1263, and took him to Eardisley Castle. On 18 Augustfollowing, he was among those who made a treaty with Edward, theKing's son. He had just been appointed, 7 August, by the advice of theMagnates of the
Council, Keeper of the castle of St. Briavel and the forest of Dean,during pleasure, and he was pardoned, 18 September following, for alltrespasses committed by reason of non-observance of the Provisions ofOxford. He was appointed joint Keeper of the counties of Gloucester,Worcester, and Hereford, 24 December 1263. In 1264 he belonged to thebaronial party, and in April, being in command at Kenilworth, hesurprised and destroyed Warwick Castle, taking the Earl and Countessprisoners. On 14 May following he was at the battle of Lewes, where hewas taken prisoner early in the day, but he had already capturedWilliam la Zuche. He was one of those prohibited, 16 February 1264/5,from taking part in the tournament at Dunstaple, and ordered to attenda Council on the morrow of Ash Wednesday [19 February] following. Hechanged sides together with the Earl of Gloucester and others, and wasin the King's army at the battle of Evesham, 4 August 1265. Inconsideration of his services at this battle, he was pardoned, 9 Oct.1265, for having adhered to Simon de Montfort at the battle of Lewes,and for all other trespasses committed up to the said 9 October. Hewas one of the commissioners empowered, 24 April 1274, to make a truceat the ford of Montgomery, in a month from Easter [29 April], betweenLlewelyn ab Gruffyd, Prince of Wales, and Humphrey de Bohun ofBrecknock. On 6 November 1281 he had licence to hunt wolves, with hisown hounds, throughout all the King's forests in England. He wasappointed Keeper of the castle of Llandovery, co. Carmarthen, 9 April1282, and of that of Builth, co. Brecknock, 14 October following, bothduring pleasure. On 18 November 1283 the King granted him, in fee, thecommote of Is-cennen, co. Carmarthen, to hold by the service of aknight's fee: and, on 8 February 1289/90, the castle of Dynevor inthat county, for life, as a refuge for himself and his men: he wasordered to deliver this castle to Walter de Pederton, 29 July 1297. Hewas present at the assemblies held at Berwick in October and November1297, to discuss the various claims to the Crown of Scotland. He wasCaptain of Podensac in Gascony, which town he surrendered to theFrench, in 1294/5. He was summoned for Military Service from 18 July1257 to 7 May 1299, to attend the King at Shrewsbury, 28 June 1283, toattend the King at Salisbury, 26 January 1296/7, to a MilitaryCouncil, 20 August 1297, and to Parliament from 24 June 1295. to 10April 1299, by writs directed Johanni Giffard, or Gyffard,occasionally with the addition de Brimmesfeld', whereby he is held tohave become LORD GIFFARD. He was affianced, at the age of 4 years, toAubrey DE CAUMVILLE (who was about the same age), but he did not marryher.(e) He married, 1stly, Maud,[f] widow of Sir William LUNGESPEE, ofAmesbury, Aldbourne, and Trowbridge, Wilts, Canford, Dorset, Bicester,Oxon; Brattleby, co., Lincoln,
&c. (who died between 23 December 1256 and 3 January 1256/7], anddaughter and heir of Sir Walter DE CLIFFORD, of Clifford co. Hereford,Cortham, Salop, &c., by Margaret, daughter of Llewelyn ab IORWERTH,PRINCE OF NORTH WALES. She, who was living 1 December 1281, dieds.p.m., not long afterwards. He married, 2ndly, in 1286, Margaret,widow of Sir John DE NEVILLE, of Hallingbury, Wethersfield, GreatTotham, Great Wakering and Langharn, Essex, Alphington, Devon, &c. whodied shortly before 20 May 1282. He died at Boyton, Wilts, 29 May, andwas buried 11 June 1299 in
Malmesbury Abbey. His widow's dower was ordered to be assigned, 1August 1299, and on 5 August she was assigned the manors ofStonehouse, Stoke Gifford, Elston, and Broughton Gifford. She diedshortly before 13 December 1338. [CP 5:792-7]

[f] Maud Lungespee notified the King that John Giffard had abductedher from her manor of Canford, Dorset, and taken her against her willto his castle of Brimpsfield, and there detained her. John appearedbefore the King, and professed himself ready to prove that he did notabduct her against her will, and offered a fine of 300 marks for themarriage already contracted, as it was said, between them, providedshe made no further complaint against him. On 10 March 1270/1 the Kingordained that if she were not content, the said fine should be void,and John should stand his trial at a month from Easter. And as she wastoo unwell to appear before the King, commissioners were sent toinquire into the truth of the matter, and to certify the King thereof.John and Maud, and her Ist husband, William Lungespee, were alldescended from Richard fitz Ponce. Why John Giffard should havereferred to himself as being of the race of Le Lungespee as in theproof of age mentioned above he is said to have done-is notexplicable; unless, indeed, the sobriquet was derived from the familyof Clifford.

64225280. Henry* de Grey Baron of Codner,² ^,154 son of Richard* de Grey, was born in 1161 in Codner Derbyshire^{²^,154} and died in 1219^{²^,154} at age 58. Another name for Henry* was Henry de Grey.²
(Duplicate. See Below)

64225346. William de Beauchamp Baron of The Exchequer was born in 1185 in Essex & Bedford, Bedfordshire, England and died in 1260 at age 75.

William married Ida* de LongespeeIda* was born about 1204 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England and died in AFT. 1266.

32112673 i. Maud de Beauchamp ² ^,154 (born in 1229 in Essex & Bedford, Bedfordshire, England - died in 1273)

General Notes: According to Ancestral Roots this Ida or Idonea is not to be confusedwith her [according to many sources] sister who married Walter FitzRobert. Instead of being her sister, I have followed the suggestion ofAncestral Roots and made the Ida who married Walter FitzRobert, thedaughter of William II Longespee.

------------------------------------------------

The following is from Ancestral Roots, Line 30-26/27, concerning theIda Longespee who married Walter Fitz Robert:

Though peerage articles, including CP [Complete Peerage] V 472, havelong identified Ida No. 27 [who married Walter Fitz Robert] as adaughter of Gen. 26 [William Longspee & Ela FitzPatrick], it is clearthat their daughter Ida actually married (1) Ralph de Somery (dsp) and(2) bef. 1220 William Beauchamp, of Bedford (see 122A-29 (CP XII (1)note g, which says this Ida living 10 Apr 1262). Moriarty (ms. atNEHGS) suggested William Longespee had two daughters Ida, or Idoine,which may be correct. But there appears almost a generation differencebetween the two Ida's, so the chronicler may have missed a generationand Ida No 27 may be the daughter of William's son William II(122-29). [Ancestral Roots]

64225350. John* de Lacy, son of Roger* de Lacy and Maud de Clare, was born in 1192 in Lincoln, LIN, ENG and died on 22 Jul 1240 in Stanlaw, Chester, ENG at age 48.

General Notes: EARLDOM OF LINCOLN

VII. 1. JOHN DE LACY, son and heir of Roger DE LACY, by Maud DE CLARE,was born circa 1192. He obtained livery of his inheritance in July1213, when he is described as Constable of Chester. In 1213-14 he waswith the King in Poitou, but in 1215 joined the confederate barons,being one of the 25 Magnates appointed to enforce the observance ofMagna Charta, and in the same year he took the Cross. At the end ofthe year he made peace with the King, but next summer was again inrebellion, and John destroyed his castle of Donington. In 1217 he waspardoned by Henry III, and in November of that year was commissionedto conduct the King of Scots to him. Next year he accompanied the Earlof Chester on the crusade, and fought at the siege of Damietta. Hereturned about August 1220, and in February 1220/1 took part in thereduction of Skipton Castle. In 1226 he was a Judge, and in 1227 hewas on an embassy to Antwerp. In 1229 he was appointed to conduct theKing of Scots to meet Henry at York. From 1230 he was about the Court,and in that year was a commissioner to treat for a truce with France.Next year he was in Wales on the King's service. In 1232 he took aprominent part as the King's commissioner in the proceedings againstHubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent (who was deprived of the Justiciarshipin July), sat as a judge in Cornhill to hear complaints against him,and finally, early in the following year, was one of Hubert's keepersat Devizes Castle till he should become a Templar. On 22 November1232, at the instance of Hawise de Quincy, whose daughter MargaretJohn had married, the King granted John the £20 per annum whichRanulph, late Earl of Chester and Lincoln, had received for the 3rdpenny of the county as Earl of Lincoln, and which the Earl had in hislifetime granted to Hawise his sister : to hold in nomine comitisLincolnie to the said John and his heirs by Margaret his wife,daughter of Hawise, for ever, whereby he became EARL OF LINCOLN. In1233 he joined the party against the Bishop of Winchester (Piers desRoches), but the Bishop gained him over, and from that time he actedwith the Court, becoming one of the King's unpopular counsellors. Hewas a justice in Lincs in 1234. At the Coronation of the Queen in 1236he carried one of the State swords. In 1237 he was a plenipotentiaryto make peace with Scotland. He was Sheriff of Chester from 1237 to1240. He was a benefactor to Stanlaw and other religious houses. Hemarried, 1stly, Alice, daughter of Gilbert DE L'AIGLE. She died s.p.,and was buried at Norton. He married, 2ndly, before 21 June 1221,Margaret, daughter of Robert DE QUINCY, by Hawise, suo Jure COUNTESSOF LINCOLN. He died 22 July 1240, after a long illness, and was buriednear his father in the monks' choir at Stanlaw, the body being removedlater to Whalley. His widow's dower was assigned in January 1240/1.She married, 2ndly, about January 1241/2, and before 20 April 1242,Walter (MARSHAL), EARL OF PEMBROKE. On 15 March 1242/3 the landsdescending to her from her mother Hawise were delivered to her and theEarl of Pembroke. He died s.p., in 1245. See PEMBROKE. Dower wasassigned to Margaret 12 December 1245. She married, 3rdly, before 7June 1252, Richard DE WILTESHIR. He was exempted from being madesheriff against his will in September 1254. She appears to have beenliving early in March 1265/6, but died before 30 March 1266, atHampstead, and was buried in the church of the Hospitallers atClerkenwell, near her father. [CP 7:676-80]

John* married Margaret de Quincy before 21 Jun 1221. Margaret was born in 1208 in Lincoln, LIN, ENG, died in Mar 1266 in Clerkenwell, ENG at age 58, and was buried in Church of the Hospitallers, Clerkenwell, ENG.

32112675 i. Maud* de Lacy Countess (born on 4 Aug 1222 in Lincoln, LIN, ENG - died before 10 Mar 1289 in Lincoln, LIN, ENG)

64225351. Margaret de Quincy was born in 1208 in Lincoln, LIN, ENG, died in Mar 1266 in Clerkenwell, ENG at age 58, and was buried in Church of the Hospitallers, Clerkenwell, ENG.

Margaret married John* de Lacy before 21 Jun 1221. John* was born in 1192 in Lincoln, LIN, ENG and died on 22 Jul 1240 in Stanlaw, Chester, ENG at age 48.

General Notes: [jweber3.FTW]

Gilbert de Segrave; Keeper of Newcastle-under Lyme Castle 1232 andBolsover Castle Feb 1232/3; Justice of the Forest below Trent 1242,Judge of King's Bech 1251; married by 30 Sep 1231 Amabil (sic),daughter and coheir of Robert de Chaucombe, and died by 8 Oct 1254.[Burke's Peerage]

------------------------------

Gilbert de Segrave, having m. Annabil, dau. and co-heir of Robert deChaucombe, obtained a grant in the 15th Henry III [1231] from Simon deMontfort, lord of Leicester, of the whole town of Kegworth, co.Leicester, and in two years after, had a grant from the crown of themanor of Newcastle-under-Lyme, co Stafford, being the same yearconstituted governor of Bolsover Castle. In the 26th Henry III [1241],he was made justice of all the royal forests south of Trent, andgovernor of Kenilworth Castle. In the 35th of the same reign, he wasconstituted one of the justices of Oyer and Terminer, in the city ofLondon, to hear and determine all such causes as had usually beentried before the justice itinerant, at the Tower of London. In threeyears afterwards, being deputed with Roger Bigod, Earl Marshal, on anembassy, he was treacherously seized, along with John de Plessets,Earl of Warwick, and divers others of the English nobility, by theFrench as he was returning, and d. within a short period of the severetreatment he had received in prison. His decease occurred somewhatabout the year 1254, when he was s. by his son, Nicholas de Segrave.[Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages,Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 484, Segrave, Barons Segraveof Barton Segrave]

GILBERT DE SEGRAVE, 2nd but 1st surviving son and heir, on 4 December1232 was given the custody of the castle and manor ofNewcastle-under-Lyme and on 5 February 1232/3 of Bolsover Castle. Heserved in Brittany before 16 March I232/3. On 19 August 1233 he wasgranted the manor and soke of Horricastle for his maintenance in theKing's service; on 2 November 1233 he was appointed, with another, togo to the parts of Berkeley to keep the peace and passes and passages;and on 10 November 1233, with John de Stutevill, to escort thefortieth of Cambs and Hunts from Northampton to Gloucester. On 27November1233 he was granted the land of the Earl Richard Marshal inBurton, co. Northampton, for his maintenance in the King's service. On25 May 1234 he was ordered to send 2 knights at his own cost to theKing at Portsmouth. On 26 October 1241, as son and heir of Stephen deSegrave, he was pardoned his relief in cos. Huntingdon, Northampton,Derby, Warwick and Leicester, and Worcester, for Stephen's faithfulservice to the King. On 18 July 1242 he was appointed Justice of theforest this side Trent; in Easter term 1251 he was sitting as thirdjudge in the King's Bench; and on 30 August 1251 he was appointed asjudge to sit at Tower of London on 30 September. He became surety for500 marks for Edward the King's son against the Earl of Leicesterbefore 3 February 1252/3. In 1253-54 he was with the King in Gascony;and in 1253 he was sitting in the King's Bench at St. Macaire,Gironde. On 25 August 1254 he had letters of credence to go to theKing of Scotland with Simon Earl of Leicester. He married, before 30September 1231, Amabil, daughter and coheir of Robert DE CHAUCOMBE, ofChalcombe, Northants. He died before 8 October 1254. at Pons inPoitou. His widow married, 2ndly, Roger DE SOMERY. She was buried atChaucombe Priory. [CP 11:601-3, 14:586

Amabilia next married Roger de Somery Lord of Dudley ²⁴¹ ^,286 ^,287 before 1254 in 2nd husband 2nd wife ²⁴¹.^,276 Roger was born about 1183 of Chipping Camden, Gloucestershire & Sedgley, Staffordshire, England,^²⁴¹ died before 26 Aug 1273 in Dudley, Warwickshire, England,^{²⁴¹^,286} and was buried in Built Dudley Castle.^²⁴¹

i. Roger de Somery Lord of Dudley Sir ²⁴¹ ^,288 was born on 24 Jun 1255 in Chipping Camden, Goucestershire, England^{²⁴¹^,288} and died on 11 Oct 1291 in Dudley Castle, Staffordshire, England^{²⁴¹^,288} at age 36.

General Notes: THOMAS DE MULTON, son and heir by 1st wife, was aged 21 on 4 May 1246,and had livery of his lands January 1246/7. In 1255-56 he fined 1/2mark for respite of knighthood till Christmas, and in 1256 hadacquittance of common summons in Cumberland and Essex. In January 1258he (or his half-uncle Thomas of Gilsland) was summoned with the restof the Northern Barons to go to the aid of the King of Scots. In thestruggle between the King and the Barons he sided with the latter. Hewas summoned again for service in Wales, 1277 (when he went with theEarl of Lincoln) and 1282; in 1287 (as Thomas de Multon the elder) toa military council at Gloucester, on the way to further service inWales, and in 1291 for service in Scotland. He appears to have m.three times: 1stly, Ida, whose parentage is not known, by whom he hadissue surviving her in January 1256/7; 2ndly, Elizabeth or Isabel,widow of John DE MUNEMUTH, who was living in 1276 and dead in 1278;3rdly, before 1288, Margaret, whose parentage is not known. He diedshortly before 29 April 1294. Dower was assigned to his widow, who wasliving in December 1313. [CP 9:402-3]

Thomas* next married Ida ²⁴¹ ^,277Ida was born about 1225 in England.^²⁴¹

i. Thomas de Multon Sir ²⁴¹ ^,290 was born BET AND 1243 in Egremont, Cumberland, England^²⁴¹ and died before 24 Jul 1287 in Egremont, Cumberland, England.^{²⁴¹^,290}

64225472. Henry De Stafford ² was born before 1194 in Stafford Castle, Staffordshire, England.^²

32112736 i. Robert De Stafford ² (born about 1220 in Stafford Castle, Staffordshire, England)

Petronille married Henry De Stafford ²Henry was born before 1194 in Stafford Castle, Staffordshire, England.^²

64225482. Roger* de Somery, son of Ralph* de Somery and Margaret FitzJohn, was born about 1183 in Dudley, WOR, ENG and died about 26 Aug 1273 about age 90.

General Notes: ROGER DE SOMERY, uncle and heir. In 1229 he made an agreement withMaurice de Gant, granting to the latter Dudley and Sedgley for 7years, and undertaking not to marry within that term without Maurice'sconsent. On 20 April 1230 he was granted protection. In 1233 his landswere seized because he had not come to be knighted; and in January1233/4 he was appointed to remain at Shrewsbury to maintain order inthose parts. On 11 July 1245 he was summoned to be at Chester witharms and horses; and on 30 July 1247 he had a grant of free warren atChipping Campden, Gloucester, and Sedgley, Staffs. In 1251 he was in acommission; in May 1253 was going to Gascony; and on 3 November 1253he was granted free warren at Clent. In December 1253 and January1253/4 he was with the King. In July 1257 he was summoned to Chesterto go to Wales with the King. In 1258 he was one of 12 elected totreat with the King's Council, and one of the 24 appointed by thebarons. In 1260 he was summoned to London and later to Shrewsbury, andon 11 September 1261 to St. Albans. In 1262 he was to be warned forbuilding a castle at Dudley without licence. On 23 December 1262 hewas summoned to be at Worcester, and on 25 May 1263 to be at Hereford.On 10 August 1263 he was directed to deliver to Hamon Lestrange thecos. of Salop and Staffs; and on 17 October was summoned to Windsor.On 16 March 1263/4 he obtained licence to enclose his manor houses ofDudley, Staffs, and Weoley, Worcs, with a ditch and wall of stone, andfortify and crenellate them. On 30 January 1265/6 he was grantedprotection as going to the Marches on the King's service. In 1267 hewas commissioned with others to hear complaints and to carry out theterms of the dictum of Kenilworth, and to complete the peace withLlewelin. In 1268 with Philip Basset and others he was elected by theCounties of Hereford, Salop, Staffs and Warwick, to act with theCouncil of the earls and barons; and was appointed as a commissionerto ordain the aid for a number of countics. In 1268 also he wasappointed to settle affairs in the March; and on 28 April 1269 to hearcontentions in Wales. On 12 February 1269/70 he was granted a marketand a yearly fair at Newport (Pagnell), Bucks; on 16 October 1270 hewas sent as envoy to Llewelin. In June 1271 he pronounced a sentenceof excommunication against an official of Canterbury, which wassubsequently cancelled by the Chancellor. He married, 1stly, Nichole,daughter and one of the coheirs of William (DE AUBIGNY), EARL OFARUNDEL, by Mabel, sister and heir of Ranulph, EARL OF CHESTER. Hemarried, 2ndly, in or before 1254, Amabil, widow of Gilbert DESEGRAVE, daughter and coheir of Robert DE CHAUCOMBE. He died on orbefore 26 August 1273.
[CP 12[1]:112-3]

Roger* married Nicola d'AubignyNicola was born about 1193 and died before 1254.

Nicola married Roger* de SomeryRoger* was born about 1183 in Dudley, WOR, ENG and died about 26 Aug 1273 about age 90.

Walter married Joane de Mortimer ² ^,154 on 14 Apr 1236 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England ².^,154 Joane was born in 1194 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England.^{²^,154}

32112752 i. William De Beauchamp ² ^,154 (born in 1215 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England - died on 5 Jun 1298 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England)

64225505. Joane de Mortimer ² ^,154 was born in 1194 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England.^{²^,154}

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

3rd Earl Norfolk;
one of 25 guardians of Magna Carta

EARLDOM OF NORFOLK

V. 3. HUGH (LE BIGOD), EARL OF NORFOLK, son and heir, joined hisfather in support of Magna Carta against John, was one of the 25elected to maintain its provisions, and was excommunicated in 1215. AtChristmas 1220 he represented his father in claiming the Stewardship.He did homage on succession and had seisin 2 August 1221. In 1222 hehad a grant of a market at Dovercourt. He took
part in the campaign against Llewelyn in the summer of 1223, was atCourt in March 1223/4, and present with the King at Bedford in theproceedings against Fulk de Breauté. He is recorded as a witness tothe
confirmation of Magna Carta at Westminster, 11 February 1224/5, butdied before the 18th of that month. He married, probably before Lent1207, Maud, eldest daughter of William (MARSHAL), EARL OF PEMBROKE,hereditary Master Marshal of the royal household, by Isabel, suo jureCountess of PEMBROKE, which Maud in July 1246, as senior coheir of herbrother Walter, late Earl of Pembroke, was allowed the office ofMarshal. Immediately upon Hugh's death she married William (DEWARENNE), EARL OF SURREY, and styled herself Marshal of England,Countess of Norfolk and Warenne. She died 27 March 1248. [CP 9:589-90]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[See NOTE under father Roger concerning his mother??] Third Earl ofNorfolk and Suffolk and took part from the beginning in the Barons'Magna Charta proceedings. In his wife's right, he acquired the Earldomof Pembroke, and in this rank bore the royal sceptre at the coronationof King Richard I.

He was the hereditary steward of the king's household, and hereditarybearer of the Barons of St. Edmund. Not many particulars of thisBaron's life have been preserved, as he enjoyed for only a few yearsthe title of Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, and his father's estates andhonors, to which he had succeeded in the 5th year of King Henry III.He died four years later, in February 1224-25. He married MaudMarshal, eldest daughter of William Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, andhis wife, Isabel Clare, daughter of Richard de Clare, the Strongbow,2nd Earl of Pembroke, and his wife, Eva, daughter of Dermot MacMurcha,King of Leinster, Ireland. She was also the sister of the SuretyWilliam Marshal, and she who married (2) William, Earl of Warren(Warrenne) and Surrey)

Hugh* married Maude Marshal ² ^,154Maude was born about 1192 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales and died in 1247^² about age 55. Another name for Maude was Maud Marshal.²

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

RALPH DE TOENI VI, 1st son and heir, was born probably in 1189 or1190. In 1204, with his father and brother or brothers, he wasexcluded by the King of France from the terms of the pacification inNormandy. King John ordered the manors of Saham and Ryhcot to berestored to him, 5 November 1213; and he was with the King atPartenay, in Poitou, 26 May 1214. Presumably he supported John in thecivil war, for on 7 April 1216 the King granted him the lands whichhad been held by Richard de Montfichet in Essex, Bucks, Cambridge,Norfolk, Suffolk and Hunts; but soon afterwards he must have joinedthe rebellious barons, for John ordered the sheriff of co. Worcester,16 July 1216, to give Robert de Mortimer seisin of the land ofAbberley, held by Ralph, and on 5 September following he gave themanor of Flamstead to Waleran Tyes. By Henry III Ralph was granted themanor of Newport, Essex, during pleasure, 27 June 1218. Shortly before20 September 1233 he was given the custody of Maud Castle(Painscastle, co. Radnor); and later in that year he and John deMonmouth were appointed generals of the Poitevin mercenaries in theWelsh marches against the Earl of Pembroke and Llewellyn. On 11 March1233/4 he was ordered to keep the truce with Llewellyn until 25 July;with other nobles he was forbidden, 2 September 1234, to go totournaments arranged at Northampton, Cambridge or elsewhere; and hewas summoned, 7 March 1237/8, with other barons of the Welsh marches,to be at Oxford after Easter to confer with the King. In 1239 he tookthe Cross and set out for the Holy Land. He is said to have founded amonastery in the west of England. He m., between November 1232 and12344, Pernel, daughter of Walter DE LACY (elder brother of Hugh, Earlof Ulster), presumably by his wife Margaret, daughter of William DEBRIOUZE. He died about Michaelmas 1239 at sea. His widow, who wasgranted the custody of Maud Castle, 1247-20 June 1251 married, before15 October 1256, Willian DE ST. OMER, and was living, 25 November1288. [CP 12[1]:769-71]

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

Per Cockayne's "Complete Peerage" (Ralph de Toeni VI), her fathergranted
to her and her husband in free mariage the manors of Britford, Wilts,and
Yarkhill, co. Hereford. Her husband Ralph, died in 1239. In 1247 shewas
granted custody of Maud Castle, until 1251, when it was given toHUMPHREY
DE BOHUN, EARL OF HEREFORD & ESSEX (RIN 3635) to hold until Ralph's &
Petronilla's son and heir Roger, came of age. In 1256 Petronilla m.
William de St. Omer. Petronilla was still alive in 1288.

Gilbert married Isabel Bigod ² ^,154Isabel was born in 1210 in Norfolk, NFK, ENG,^{²^,154} died in 1239^{²^,154} at age 29, and was buried in Grey Friar's, Worcester, ENG.

64229168. Edward* Plantagenet King of England,² ^,154 son of Henry* Plantagenet King of England ² ^,154 and Eleanor "Leonor" Berenger,² ^,154 was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England,^{²^,154} died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-on-The-Sand near Carlisle, Cumberland, England^{²^,154} at age 68, and was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{²^,154} Another name for Edward* was "Longshanks."
(Duplicate. See Below)

64229169. Eleanor Castile Countess of Pointeau ² ^,154 was born in 1244 in Burgos, Castile, Spain,^{²^,154} died on 28 Nov 1290 in Hardeby, Nottinghamshire, England^{²^,154} at age 46, and was buried on 16 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey.^{²^,154}
(Duplicate. See Below)

64859536. Hamelin* De Warenne Of Surrey Plantagenet Earl of Surrey,² son of Geoffrey* Plantagenet Duke of Normandy, Count d ² and Concubine,² was born in 1130 in Normandy, France^² and died on 7 May 1202 in Lewes, Sussex, England^² at age 72. Another name for Hamelin* was Hamelin de Anjou Plantagenet ².^,154

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

4th Earl Warenne; bastard 1/2 brother of Henry II built ConisbroughCastle, S. Yks., 1185
Hameline Plantagenet, natural brother to King Henry II, likewiseobtained, jure uxoris, the Earldom of Surrey, and assumed the surnameand arms of de Warren. This nobleman bore one of the three swords atthe second coronation of Richard I, and in the 6th of the same reign[1195], he was with that king in his army in Normandy. He d. 7 May,1202, four years after the countess, having had issue, William, Adela,Maud, another dau. who m. Gilbert de Aquila, Isabel, and Margaret.[Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages,Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 569, Warren, Earls of Surrey]

EARLDOM OF SURREY

V. 5. HAMELIN illegitimate son of GEOFFREY V, styled "PLANTAGENET,"COUNT OF ANJOU, TOURAINE and MAINE, sometime DUKE OFNORMANDY, by anunknown woman, held lands in
Touraine, presumably the gift of his half-brother Henry II, andappears to have been styled vicomte of Touraine. He became EARL OFSURREY in consequence of his marriage to the Countess Isabel in 1164;in which year he attended the Council of Northampton. In 1166 hereturned his carta, as holding 60 knights' fees. He supported the Kingagainst his rebellious sons in 1173; and in 1176 he was one of thenobles who escorted Henry's daughter Joan for her marriage to the Kingof Sicily. He was present at the 1st Coronation of Richard I, 3September 1189. In the King's absence he supported the Chancelloragainst John; in 1193 he was one of the Treasurers for the King'sransom; and in 1194 he was at the Council of Nottingham. At Richard's2nd Coronation, 17 April 1194, he bore one of the 3 swords; and he waspresent at the Coronation of King John, 27 May 1199. He was abenefactor, or confirmed previous gifts, to the abbeys of St. Mary's(York), St. Victor-en-Caux, West Dereham and Foucarmont, the prioriesof Lewes, Nostell, St. Katherine (Lincoln), Southwark, Thetford andCastle Acre, the Hospitallers, and the chapel of St. Philip and St.James in Conisborough Castle. He married, in 1164 (probably in April),Isabel, widow of William (OF BLOIS) 4th EARL OF SURREY, and onlydaughter and heir of William (DE WARENNE), 3rd EARL OF SURREY, allabove-named. He died 7 May 1202 and was buried in the Chapter House atLewes. Isabel survived him and made gifts for the soul of her latehusband to the priory of St. Katherine, Lincoln, and to Lewes Priory.She was living in April 1203 but died probably soon afterwards,possibly 12 July 1203, and was buried in the Chapter House at Lewes.
[CP 12[1]:499-500]

Hamelin* married Isabel De Warenne ²Isabel was born about 1137 in Surrey, England^² and died on 13 Jul 1199 in Lewes, Sussex, England^² about age 62. Another name for Isabel was Isabel Warenne ².^,154

64859537. Isabel De Warenne,² daughter of William* de Warenne III and Ela de Talvas, was born about 1137 in Surrey, England^² and died on 13 Jul 1199 in Lewes, Sussex, England^² about age 62. Another name for Isabel was Isabel Warenne ².^,154

64859538. William* Marshal Sir,² ^,154 son of John Fitz Gilbert Le Marechal ² and Sibyl De Salisbury,² was born in 1146 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales,^{²^,154} died on 14 May 1219 in Caversham Manor, England^{²^,154} at age 73, and was buried in Temple Church, London, England.^² Another name for William* was William Earl Strigul Earl Pembroke Le Marechal.²

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

Regent of the Realm, & Guardian of the young King Henry III, 1216-1219one source b. bef. 1152, another source has him b. 1145 ChepstowCastle, Monmouth, after marriage to Isabel de Clare; possibly the bestknight of all time, but essentially an employee until he married intothe powerful de Clare family
possible model for Sir Lancelot
given Goodrich Castle on River Wye by the Crown
PlantagEncy, 132: 1145?-1219. Gained earldom 1189 by marrying heiressIsabella. Guardian of Young King, with whom he rebelled against HenryII in 1173. On young king's death 1183, went on crusade in Palestine.Safeguarded Henry II's last flight from LeMans to Chinon in 1189,saving his life.
Thwarted John's revolt against Richard in 1193, but backed John by1199, becoming his chief advisor 1213. Henry III's regent on John'sdeath 1216; led English vs. French at Lincoln
[Master File.ftw]

Marshal of England
Protector of the Realm
Regent of the Kingdom

The office of Marshal to the king was a hereditary perquisite of amiddling Wiltshire family. The duties were various, but mainly theyconsisted of acting as second-in-command to the constable of the royalhousehold, maintaining order in the palace and guarding it, lookingafter the stables, keeping the rolls of those who performed theirmilitary service, and checking the accounts of various household andstate departments.

From this family came William Marshal, whose biography was written byhis squire John of Earley so providing us with one of the deepest andmost fascinating insights into the life of a great baron of the latetwelfth and early thirteenth centuries.

His father, John Marshal, whom the Gesta Stephani rather unkindlydescribes as 'a limb of hell and the root of all evil' was a man wholoved warfare, and played the game of politics with great success. Atfirst he supported Stephen but, when he began to realise the failingsof the King and the potentialities of Matilda's party, he changedsides. Almost immediately he proved by a consummate act of bravery andhardihood, that he was worth having: escorting Matilda to safety inhis castle at Ledgershall, John found that the party was goingdangerously slowly because Matilda was riding side-saddle, so hepersuaded her to ride astride, and stopped behind to delay thepursuers at Wherwell. His force was soon overpowered by the numbers ofthe enemy, and John took refuge with one of his knights in the Abbey.The opposing party promptly set fire to the church, and John and hisknight had to take cover in the tower, John threatening to kill hisknight if he made any move to surrender. As the lead of the roof beganto melt and drop on the two soldiers, putting out one of John's eyes,the enemy moved off, convinced that they were dead. They escaped, in aterrible state, but triumphant, to John's castle.

He plainly expected his children to be as tough as himself, as anincident of the year 1152, when William was about six, will show. KingStephen went to besiege Newbury Castle, which Matilda had given Johnto defend; the castellan, realising that provisions and the garrisonwere both too low to stand a long siege, asked for a truce to informhis master. This was normal practice, for if the castellan were not atonce relieved, he could then surrender without being held to have lethis master down. Now John had not sufficient troops to relieve thecastle, so he asked Stephen to extend the truce whilst he, in turn,informed his mistress, and agreed to give William as a hostage,promising not to provision and garrison the castle during the truce.This he promptly did, and when he received word from Stephen that thechild would be hung if he did not at once surrender the castle, hecheerfully replied that he had hammer and anvils to forge a betterchild than William.

The child was taken out for execution, but at the last moment Stephenrelented with that soft heart that was his undoing, and though hisofficers presented such enticing plans as catapulting William over thecastle walls with a siege engine, he would not give in. Later on hegrew attached to the child, and one day when William was playing anelementary form of conkers with the King, using plantains, the childsaw a servant of his mother, the lady Sibile (sister of the Earl ofSalisbury), peeping in to check up on his safety. William cried out agreeting and the servant had to run for his life. The child did notknow what dangers he was running, but it was good and early trainingfor his future career.

When he was thirteen William was sent to serve in the retinue of hisfather's cousin, the chamberlain of Normandy. This was hisapprenticeship in knighthood, and was to last eight years. As a squirehe would learn by experience all the skills of a knight, and theelaborate code of honour that went with it. After he had been knightedin 1167, he began to go round the tournaments to make his name, andearn a living by the spoils. He was eager for the fray, so eager infact that in his earliest tournaments he concentrated too much on thefighting, and forgot to take the plunder. He had to be warned by elderand wiser knights of the dangerous folly of such quixoticbehaviour---a good war-horse captured from an unseated opponent couldfetch £40. Even so, his heart was really set upon fame, and herecalled in old age the pride he had experienced as a youngster when,having retired to the refuge (a hut regarded as neutral territory in atournament) to fix his helmet, he overheard two knights outsidecommenting on how well he was fighting.

He was, however, only the second son of a middling baron, and he couldnot live off honour; so it must have been wonderful news for him whenin 1170 he heard of his appointment as captain of the guard andmilitary tutor to King Henry II's heir, the fifteen-year-old Henry,already crowned in his father's lifetime in, as it turned out, afruitless attempt to ensure the succession. In 1173 it fell to his lotto make the young King a knight.

Henry seems to have had a good sense of humour, for in 1176 when thetwo were cantering back into town after a tournament, William managedto bag another knight, and led him reined behind, with the Kingfollowing. A low-hanging water sprout swept the knight off his horse,but Henry kept what he had seen to himself, and the laugh wasdefinitely on William when they got home to find he was leading ahorse, but no knight to ransom.

Tournaments were so frequent at that time that a real enthusiast couldattend one a fortnight, and William and the King must have attained arecord number of attendances. This was the equivalent of hunting to anineteenth century country gentleman, though much more rugged. In tenmonths William and a colleague captured one hundred and three knights,and risked death on each occasion: one memory William kept of thosedays was having to receive the prize of hero of the day kneeling withhis head on an anvil whilst a smith tried to prize off his batteredhelm. Another memory he retained was arriving too early for a fight,and dancing with the ladies who had come to watch---in full armour!

Then came trouble---William's enemies began to spread rumours that hewas the lover of Henry's wife, and seeing that the suspicion could notfail to mar their relationship, William cut out on his own. He wasimmediately inundated with tempting offers from great lords who wantedto engage his services---three times he was offered £500 a year ormore, but he turned them down and went instead on pilgrimage toCologne.

He was soon recalled to service with the young King in 1183, but itwas only to see him die of a fever. At the last William promised thathe would carry out Henry's vow to go on crusade, and having buried hismaster, he carried out his promise.

He came home in 1187 to take his place as an esteemed servant of theKing, and to marry the second richest heiress in England who broughthim the Earldom of Pembroke and extensive lands in England, Wales andIreland. He served Henry II in his final bitter years and once, whenhe was covering the king's retreat, he put the fear of God into PrinceRichard who was leading the pursuit. The Lionheart cried out, 'By thelegs of God, Marshal, do not kill me,' and William killed his horseinstead.

Such conduct was dangerous, but when Richard came to the throne heshowed the Marshal that he respected him for it, and when he went oncrusade he made William one of the four associate justiciars appointedto help William de Longchamp, who had the care of the kingdom. Thiswas excellent training in administration and justice, which was tostand William in good stead later when he had to bear responsibilitiesfar greater than those with which a simple soldier can deal.

It also gave him lessons in how to deal with the immensely difficultPrince John, who, fearing, with some justice, that Richard intended toleave the kingdom to his nephew Arthur of Brittany, had to consolidatehis position whilst his brother was away. When he heard that Richardhad been captured on his way home and was being held to an incrediblystiff ransom, John's ambitions became boundless, and the Marshal had,added to his normal duties, the double problem of keeping the princein check and raising a vast sum of money.

Richard returned to find William a wise counsellor now as well as anincomparable soldier, and he used him well; but in 1199 he died, andWilliam worked with skill and energy for the smooth accession of John.This King was to bring him worse problems than he had ever known.

For the next seven years William had to watch John losing Normandy tothe Marshal's old friend Philip Augustus, knowing there was nothing tobe done about it. Instead of knightly virtues, treachery was now theorder of the day, and when he taxed the French King with usingtraitors, he had only this for reply: '. . . it is now a matter ofbusiness. They are like torches that one throws into the latrine whenone is done with them.'

Attempting to rescue something out of the chaos of the loss ofNormandy, William undertook the negotiations with France to makepeace, and find a formula by which the English barons might retaintheir lands in France. What he found instead was the implacablesuspicion of John who, fearing that William was going over to theFrench side, confiscated all his castles and official positions, andtook his two eldest sons as hostages.

So William spent the next five years in Ireland, looking after hisvast estates and interests there far away from John, butunfortunately, in an area in which John took an especial interest.Every move William made was countered by the royal officials, andactive hostilities soon commenced. However, William had the better andmore faithful knights and, despite the royal offensives, he tended towin, so in 1208 a truce was made.

Soon afterwards William received on his lands William de Briouse, whomJohn regarded as a bitter enemy, and so the quarrel flared up again.Finally the sixty-six-year-old knight had to come to court and offerto fight an ordeal by battle to prove his faith. No one dared to takeup the challenge, though a winning contestant would have rocketed intofavour with the King.

But by the year 1212 John was in serious trouble, and was to learnwhere his true friends lay. William swung the baronage of Ireland intosupport for the crown, helped to organize the vital rapprochement withthe Pope, and prepared to gather the King's friends together and puthis castles in order in readiness for the inevitable struggle. A greatmoderating force was Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury,who was to be associated with William throughout the struggle,persuading John to accede to those demands of the barons which he hadhelped to formulate.

In 1216 William was back in the saddle as commander-in-chief of theroyal forces opposing the barons and their ally the Dauphin and hisFrench troops. All was well between the Marshal and the King who hadso badly misjudged him, and now John tried to make amends. But theyears of suspicion and discord still told: when he gave William thecastle of Dunamase, he was upset that his justiciar failed to hand itover---he had forgotten an arrangement he had made secretly with thejusticiar that William was to have nothing, whatever documents heproduced, without a secret handshake (holding each other's thumbs)being given.

Now as John lay dying in Newark Castle, with half his kingdom in enemyhands, and a nine-year old child as his successor, he realised theworth of the man he had hounded so long, and urged all present tocommit the kingdom into the care of the Marshal after his death.

William was an old man, the treasury was empty, discord reigned, andthe position seemed hopeless---he wept and begged to be excused; butJohn of Earley, his squire, pointed out what honour there was to bewon, and changed his mind for him in a flash. 'It goes straight to myheart that if all should abandon the King except me do you know what Iwould do? I would carry him on my shoulders, now here, now there, fromisle to isle, from land to land, and I would never fail him, even if Iwere forced to beg my bread.'

Filled with a sense of the glory of his task, the regent now raidedthe rich stores of jewels and clothing accumulated by the royal house'against a rainy day' to pay the soldiers he so desperately needed. Hesent out showers of letters of protection to the enemy barons,tempting them to change sides. Gradually he built up his powers forthe decisive blow, at Lincoln in May 1217.

There William led the charge, with the wily Bishop of Winchester whofound a way in, and fought up and down the streets of Lincoln withmany a shout of 'Ca! Dieu aide au Maréchal!' Finally they reached theopen space in front of the cathedral where William personally capturedthe French commander and received three massive blows which left dentsin his helmet. The worthy Dame Nicola, who had kept the castle for solong for the King against enormous odds, was at last relieved, and thewar was almost won.

The Marshal sped down to Dover to intercept the convoy ofreinforcements coming from France, and then set about making peace. Hewas generous---perhaps over-generous---to French and English alike,there was no victimisation, and little recrimination. The speediestroute back to peace was chosen, for England had suffered enormousdamage from the civil war.

This was perhaps the worst time for William---the period ofreconstruction. He knew well how to fight, but the sheer boredom andworry of administration of this kind must have borne heavily on theold man. Disputes and claims had to be settled so that both sides weresatisfied, and no one would have a pretext for re-starting rebellion.Above all money was needed to oil the wheels and restore the losses ofwar, and the best way to make rebels is to overtax them. He even hadto ban tournaments, which would obviously lead to dangerous positionsbeing taken up once more. He must have wondered what he had cometo---the greatest fighter in Europe, and the one who loved a fightbetter than anything. Instead he spent his time setting up judicialcommissions and trying desperately to balance the budget.

He continued hard at work until the end of February, 1219, when he wastaken ill and confined to his bed in the Tower. Doctors came and wentbut could do nothing, and quickly all his family and his knights andretainers gathered round him for the end. He asked to be taken upriver to his manor of Caversham near Reading to die, and there, he andhis household went, in mid-March, followed by the young King HenryIII, the papal legate, and the the highest officers of state.

He urged the king 'to be a gentleman,' and told him that if he shouldfollow the example of some evil ancestor, he hoped he would die young.He worried long and hard over who should be his successor, and foundno-one who could unite all under his rule, so wisely chose the papallegate. He made his will, and worried for a moment at the lack ofprovision for his young son Anselm, but, remembering his own career,felt that he could make his own way. 'May God give him prowess andskill.' He remembered an unmarried daughter and made provision for her'until God takes care of her.' He had always been a religious man,founder of monasteries, crusader, and honest knight. He called forsilken cloths he had thoughtfully brought back from the Holy Landthirty years before, and gave instruction that he should be coveredwith them at his funeral.

He wanted to be buried as a Knight Templar, and when the master of theorder came to clothe him, he said to his wife 'Belle amie, you aregoing to kiss me, but it will be for the last time.' Happy now thatall the arrangements had been made, William could rest a little, andwait comfortably for death. He talked gently with his knights---one ofthem was worried that the clerks said no one could be saved who didnot give back everything he had taken. William set his mind atrest---he had taken 500 knights in his lifetime, and could neverrestore the booty, so if he were damned there was nothing he could doabout it. 'The clerks are too hard on us. They shave us too closely.'When his clerk suggested that all the rich robes could be sold to winhis salvation, he said 'You have not the heart of a gentleman, and Ihave had too much of your advice. Pentecost is at hand, and my knightsought to have their new robes. This will be the last time I can supplythem. . .' He was a religious man---true---but he could not abidenonsense and knew his own duty.

In his last days he was very gentle to his family. One day he said toJohn of Earley that he had an overwhelming desire to sing, and whenJohn urged him to do so, as it might improve his appetite, he told himit would do no such thing, people would just assume he was delirious.So they called in his daughters to sing for him, and when one sangweakly, overcome with emotion, he showed her how she should projecther voice and sing with grace.

On 14 May, William suddenly called to John of Earley to open all thedoors and windows and call everyone in, for death was upon him. Therewas such a press that the abbots of Nutley and Reading, come toabsolve the Marshal and give him plenary indulgence, were barelynoticed, except by the dying man, who called them to him, madeconfession, prayed, and then died with his eyes fixed upon the cross.

The cortège moved slowly up to London for the great state funeral, andthere William's old friend Stephen Langton spoke his eulogy over thegrave: 'Behold all that remains of the best knight that ever lived.You will all come to this. Each man dies on his day. We have here ourmirror, you and I. Let each man say his paternoster that God mayreceive this Christian into His Glory and place him among His faithfulvassals, as he so well deserves.' [Who's Who in the Middle Ages, JohnFines, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995]

----------

William Marshal, of the great baronial family of Marischal, marshal tothe king, is first noticed as receiving from Prince Henry, therebellious son of Henry II, upon the prince's deathbed, as his mostconfidential friend, his cross to convey to Jerusalem. He m. the greatheiress of the Clares in 1189, and with her acquired the Earldom ofPembroke -- in which rank he bore the royal sceptre of gold,surmounted by the cross, at the coronation of King Richard I, and hewas soon afterwards, on the king's purposing a journey to the HolyLand, appointed one of the assistants to Hugh, bishop of Durham, andWilliam, Earl of Albemarle, Chief Justice of England, in thegovernment of the realm.

Upon the decease of his brother, John Mareschall, marshal of theking's house, in 1199, he became lord marshal, and on the day of thecoronation of King John, he was invested with the sword of the Earldomof Pembroke, being then confirmed in the possession of the saidinheritance. In the first year of this monarch's reign, his lordshipwas appointed sheriff of Gloucestershire and likewise of Sussex,wherein he was continued for several years. In the 5th he had a grantof Goderich Castle in co. Hereford, to hold by the service of twoknights' fees; and in four years afterwards he obtained, by grant fromthe crown, the whole province of Leinster, in Ireland, to hold by theservice of one hundred knights' fees.

Upon the breaking out of the baronial insurrection, the Earl ofPembroke was deputed by the king, with the archbishop of Canterbury,to ascertain the grievances and demands of those turbulent lords, andat the demise of King John, he was so powerful as to prevail upon thebarons to appoint a day for the coronation of Henry III, to whom hewas constituted guardian, by the rest of the nobility, who hadremained firm in their allegiance. He subsequently took up arms in theroyal cause and, after achieving a victory over the barons at Lincoln,proceeded directly to London, and investing that great city, both byland and water, reduced it to extremity for want of provisions. Peace,however, being soon concluded, it was relieved. His lordship, at thispoint, executed the office of sheriff for the cos. of Essex andHertford.

This eminent nobleman was no less distinguished by his wisdom in thecouncil and valour in the field, than by his piety and his attachmentto the church, of which his numerous munificent endowments bear ampletestimony. His lordship had, by the heiress of Clare, five sons, whos. each other in his lands and honours, and five daus., viz., Maud,Joan, Isabel, Sybil, and Eve. The earl d. in 1219, and was s. by hiseldest son, William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. [Sir Bernard Burke,Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage,Ltd., London, 1883, p. 358, Marshal, Earls of Pembroke]

William Mareschal, now Marshall (Mareschal to the King), he becameEarl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster, and Lord Marshal of Ireland, 1207,having then a grant of the whole province of Leinster. He d. 16 March,1219, having issue, five sons and five daus. His sons, William,Richard, Gilbert, Walter, and Anselme, all succeeded to the Earldom ofPembroke and Lordship of Leinster, the last of whom dying s. p. 21December, 1245, the title of Pembroke became extinct and the Lordshipof Leinster was divided amongst the five daus., viz., (1), Maud, whobeing m. to Hugh le Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, had issue. Roger le Bigod,Earl of Norfolk. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, andExtinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 628,Baronage of Ireland]

32429769 i. Maude Marshal ² ^,154 (born about 1192 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales - died in 1247)

ii. William* Marshal Earl of Pembroke ² ^,154 was born about 1190 in Normandy, France,^² died on 6 Apr 1231 in London, Middlesex, England^² about age 41, and was buried on 15 Apr 1231 in Temple Church, London, Middlesex, England.^²

iii. Isabella Marshal ² ^,154 was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales,^² died on 17 Jan 1240 in Birkhampstead, Hertfordshire, England^² at age 39, and was buried in Beaulieu, Southampton, England.^²

Isabel married William* Marshal Sir ² ^,154 in Aug 1189.² William* was born in 1146 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales,^{²^,154} died on 14 May 1219 in Caversham Manor, England^{²^,154} at age 73, and was buried in Temple Church, London, England.^² Another name for William* was William Earl Strigul Earl Pembroke Le Marechal.²

64859544. Robert* de Vere, son of Aubrey* de Vere and Agnes de Essex, was born about 1164, died before 25 Oct 1221, and was buried in Hatfield Priory.

General Notes: EARLDOM OF OXFORD

III. 3. ROBERT (DE VERE), EARL OF OXFORD, Hereditary MasterChamberlain of England, brother and heir, being 3rd but eldestsurviving son of the 1st Earl, by 3rd wife, born probably after 1164.He attested 4 of his father's charters and 3 other charters for ColnePriory. He appears to have had land at Bumpstead Helion, Essex, and inor shortly after 1208 he acquired one moiety of the BoIebec barony bymarrying the aunt of his eldest brother's late wife. In 1214 heattested the King's letter promising freedom of election to sees andabbeys. After Aubrey's death he had seisin of his lands and thecastles of Hedingham and Canfield in October 1214. Next year he wasone of the Barons who met at Stamford and who forced John to grantMagna Carta at Runnymede, and was one of the 25 elected as itsguardians. On 23 June 1215 the King issued a writ from Runnymede tothe sheriff of Oxfordshire directing him to let Robert have the 3rdpenny in accordance with his charter. With the other baronial leadershe was excommunicated by the Pope, and he joined them in invitingLouis of France to England. He was in arms against the King; but inMarch 1216, after John had taken Hedingham Castle, Robert went to himthere and swore that in future he would serve him loyally. However,later in the year, Oxford went over to Louis and was among the Baronswho did homage to him at Rochester. In 1217 Louis took HedinghamCastle and restored it to Robert, but in October 1217 Robert returnedto his allegiance. On 18 February 1218/9 the sheriff of Oxfordshirewas ordered to let him have as Earl of Oxford what his ancestors hadhad. He was a justice itinerant in 1220 and a justice in the King'sCourt at Westminster in 1221. The Earl was a benefactor to OseneyAbbey and Tilty Abbey. He married Isabel, daughter of Hugh and sisterof Walter DE BOLEBEC, coheir to her niece Isabel, Countess of Oxford,and widow of Henry DE NONANT. He died before 25 October 1221, and wasburied at Hatfield Priory. His wife survived him and died 3 February1245, being buried in the church of the preaching friars at Oxford,which she had founded. [CP 10:210-13]

Supplement to Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists by Frederick LewisWeis

M.C. b. prob. before 1164, d. before 25 Oct 1221, Magna Charta Surety,1215; m. Isabel, d. 3 Feb 1245, dau of Hugh II de Bolbec (son ofWalter I). and widow of Henry de Nonant. (CP X 210-216, cf. 213 noteb; Philip Morant, Hist of Essex, 1768, II 159, 179-182).

Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Lord Chamberlain of England,was born
before 1120 pursued a different course than his brother, Aubrey, andwas one of the celebrated twenty-five barons appointed as Sureties toenforce the observance of the Magna Charta. In the beginning of thereign of King Henry III., having made his peace, he appears, from afine levied before him and others, to have been one of the judges inthe Court of King's Bench. He was also one of the party to thecovenant which resigned to the barons the custody of the city andtower of London, and one of those excommunicated by the Pope. Hemarried Isabel Bolebec, daughter of Hugh de Bolebec, and sister andheir of Walter de Bolebec. Buried in the Priory of Hatfield, Essex,England

Robert* married Isabel de Bolbec before 1210. Isabel was born in 1177, died on 3 Feb 1245 at age 68, and was buried in Church of the Preaching Friars at Oxford.

32429772 i. Hugh* de Vere (born about 1210 in Hatfield, ESS, ENG - died before 23 Dec 1263, buried in Earls Colne)

64859545. Isabel de Bolbec was born in 1177, died on 3 Feb 1245 at age 68, and was buried in Church of the Preaching Friars at Oxford.

Isabel married Robert* de Vere before 1210. Robert* was born about 1164, died before 25 Oct 1221, and was buried in Hatfield Priory.

64859552. Henry* Plantagenet King of England,² ^,154 son of Geoffrey* Plantagenet Duke of Normandy, Count d ² and Matilda* Empress of Germany,² ^,154 was born on 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France,^² died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, France^² at age 56, and was buried on 8 Jul 1189 in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France.^² Another name for Henry* was "Curt Mantel."

General Notes: [Master File.ftw]

also FitzEmpress, and Curtmantle
Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed tothe
Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King hisown
family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of1173-74) and
his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over hispossessions
until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrativereforms which
increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Baronswere of
great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke ofNormandy

Henry II was born at Le Mans in 1133. He was the eldest son of theEmpress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, by her second marriage toGeoffrey the Fair of Anjou. His parents' marriage was tempestous, andboth parties were glad when politics brought a separation, withMatilda going to England to fight King Stephen, and Geoffrey ofNormandy to win a heritage for young Henry.

He first came to England at the age of nine when his mother made herdramatic escape from Oxford where she was besieged by Stephen, acrossthe ice and snow, dressed all in white, to welcome him at Wallingford.His next visit, when he was fourteen, showed his character: herecruited a small army of mercenaries to cross over and fight Stephenin England, but failed so miserably in the execution of his plans thathe ended up borrowing money from Stephen to get back home. A thirdexpedition, two years later, was almost as great a failure. Henry wasnot a soldier, his were skills of administration and diplomacy;warfare bored and sometimes frightened him. For the meanwhile he nowconcentrated on Normandy, of which his father had made him jointruler. In 1151, the year of his father's death, he went to Paris to dohomage to Louis VII for his duchy. There he met Queen Eleanor, and shefell in love with him.

Henry was by no means averse. To steal a king's wife does a great dealfor the ego of a young duke; he was as lusty as she, and late in theirlives he was still ardently wenching with 'the fair Rosamund'Clifford, and less salubrious girls with names like 'Bellebelle';finally, she would bring with her the rich Duchy of Aquitaine, whichshe held in her own right. With this territory added to those he hopedto inherit and win, his boundaries would be Scotland in the north, andthe Pyrenees in the south.

Henry was, apart from his prospects, a 'catch' for any woman. He wasintelligent, had learned Latin and could read and possibly write;immensely strong and vigorous, a sportsman and hard rider who lovedtravel; emotional and passionate, prone to tears and incredible rages;carelessly but richly dressed, worried enough in later life to concealhis baldness by careful arrangement of his hair, and very concernednot to grow fat.

But now he was in the prime of youth, and in 1153, when he landed witha large force in Bristol, the world was ready to be won. He quicklygained control of the West Country and moved up to Wallingford for acrucial battle with Stephen. This was avoided, however, because inthepreparations for the battle Henry fell from his horse three times,a bad omen. Henry himself was not superstitious -- he was the reverse,a cheerful blasphemer -- but he disliked battles and when his anxiousadvisers urged him to heed the omen, he willingly agreed to parleyprivately with Stephen. The conference was a strange occasion: therewere only two of them there, at the narowest point of the Thames, withHenry on one bank and Stephen on the other. None the less, they seemto have come to an agreement to take negotiations further.

That summer Stephen's son died mysteriously, and Eleanor bore Henry anheir (about the same time as an English whore Hikenai produced hisfaithful bastard Geoffrey). The omens clearly showed what was soonconfirmed between the two -- that when Stephen died, Henry should rulein his place. A year later Stephen did die, and in December 1154,Henry and Eleanor were crowned in London.

Henry was only 21, but he soon showed his worth, destroying unlicensedcastles, and dispersing the foreign mercenaries. He gave even-handedjustice, showing himself firm, but not unduly harsh. A country rackedby civil war sighed with relief. Only two major difficulties appeared:first Henry's failure in his two Welsh campaigns in 1157 and 1165,when guerilla tactics utterly defeated and on the first occasionnearly killed him; second was the reversal of his friendship forBecket when he changed from being Chancellor to Archbishop ofCanterbury in 1162.

The quarrel with Becket was linked with the King's determination tocontinue his grandfather's reform of the administration of justice inthe country. He was anxious for a uniform pattern, operated by royaljustices, to control the corrupt, ill-administered and unequal localsystems operated by barons and churchmen. At Clarendon in 1166 andNorthampton in 1176, he got his council's agreeemnt to a series ofmeasures which established circuits of royal justices dealing with thewidest range of criminal activities. The method of operation wasnovel, too, relying on a sworn jury of inquest of twelve men. Thoughnot like a modern jury, in that they were witnesses rather thanassessors, the assize juries were the ancestors of the modern Englishlegal system.

Henry travelled constantly, and much of the time in his Contninentalterritories, for there were constant rebellions to deal with, usuallyinspired or encouraged by Louis of France. Henry was determined tokeep the integrity of his empire, and to pass it on as a unity. To dothis was no small task, but in 1169 Henry held a conference with theKing of France which he hoped would achieve his objectives: he himselfagain did homage for Normandy, his eldest son Henry did homage forAnjou, Maine and Brittany, and Richard for Aquitaine. The next year hehad young Henry crowned in his own lifetime. If anything couldpreserve the succession, surely this would, yet, in fact, it broughtall the troubles in the world onto Henry's head, for he had given hissons paper domains, and had no intention that they should rule hisempire. Yet a man with a title does not rest until he has that title'spower.

Late in 1171 Henry had a pleasant interlude in Ireland -- escapingfrom the world's condemnation for the murder of Becket. He spentChristmas at Dublin in a palace built for him out of wattles by theIrish.

Meanwhile, Eleanor had been intriguing with her sons, urging them torevolt and demand their rights. Early in 1173 they trooped off to theFrench court, and with Louis joined in an attack on Normandy. Henryclamped Eleanor into prison and went off to meet the new threat.Whilst he was busy meeting this, England was invaded from Flanders andScotland, and more barons who fancied a return of the warlord days ofStephen broke into revolt.

Plainly it was St. Thomas's revenge, and there was no hope of dealingwith the situation without expiation. In July 1174 Henry returned toEngland, and went in pilgrim's dress to Canterbury. Through the townhe walked barefoot, leaving a trail of blood on the flinty stones, andwent to keep his vigil of a day and a night by the tomb, not evencoming out to relive himself. As he knelt, the assembled bishops andall the monks of Christchurch came to scourge him -- each giving himthree strokes, but some with bitterness in their hearts laying on withfive.

It was worth it though, for the very morning his vigil ended Henry wasbrought the news that the King of Scotland had been captured. He movedquickly northwards, receving rebels' submission all the time. He metup with Geoffrey who had fought valiantly for him, and commented, 'Myother sons have proved themselves bastards, this one alone is my trueand legitimate son.'

Returning to France, he quickly came to an agreement with Louis andhis three rebel sons, giving each a substantial income, though stillno share of power.

Richard set to work reducing the Duchy of Aquitaine to order, andquickly proved himself an able general who performed tremendous feats,such as capturing a fully manned and provisioned castle with threewalls and moats to defend it. But the people were less easy to subdue-- they loved war for its own sake as their poet-leader, Bertrand deBorn, shows well in his works: '. . . I love to see amidst the meadowstents and pavilions spread; and it gives me great joy to see drawn upon the field knights and horses in battle array; and it delights mewhen the scouts scatter people and herds in their path; and my heartis filled with gladness when I see strong castles besieged, and thestockades broken and overwhelmed, and the warriors on the bank, girtabout by fosses, with a line of strong stakes, interlaced . . . Maces,swords, helms of different hues, shields that will be riven andshattered as soon as the fight begins; and many vassals struck downtogether; and the horses of the dead and wounded roving at random. Andwhen battle is joined, let all men of good lineage think of nought butthe breaking of heads and arms: I tell you I find no such savour infood or in wine or in sleep as in hearing the shout "On! On!" fromboth sides, and the neighing of steeds that have lost their riders,and the cries of "Help! Help!"; and in seeing men great and small godown on the grass beyond the fosses; in seeing at last the dead, withthe pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.'

These robust knights were actively encouraged by the young King Henry.He was handsome, charming and beloved of all, but also feckless andthoughtless -- far keener on tournaments and frivolity than theserious business of government. Then in the midle of his new rebellionhe caught disentery and shortly died. His devoted followers werethunderstruck -- one young lad actually pined to death -- and therebellion fizzled out.

The young king was dead, but Henry, wary of previous errors, was notgoing to rush into making a new one. He called his favourite youngestson, John, to his side and ordered Richard to give his duchy into hisbrother's hands. Richard -- his mother's favourite -- had madeAquitaine his home and worked hard to establish his control there; herefused to give his mother's land to anyone, unless it were back toEleanor herself.

Henry packed John off to Ireland (which he speedily turned againsthimself) whilst he arranged to get Eleanor out of her prison and bringher to Aquitaine to receive back the duchy. Meanwhile the new King ofFrance, Philip, was planning to renew the attack on Englishterritories, all the while the three, Henry, Richard, and Philip, weresupposed to be planning a joint crusade.

In 1188 Henry, already ill with the absessed anal fistula that was tocause him such an agonising death, refused pointblank to recogniseRichard as his heir. The crazy project for substituting John was atthe root of it all, though Henry may have deluded himself intothinking he was playing his usual canny hand.

But diplomacy was giving way to the Greekest of tragedies. In June1189, Philip and Richard advanced on Henry at his birthplace in LeMans, and he was forced to withdraw with a small company of knights,showering curses on God. Instead of going to the safety of Normandy,he rode hard, his usual long distance, deep into Anjou. This worsenedhis physical condition and, in high fever, he made no effort to callup forces to his aid. Forced to meet Philip and Richard, he was so illhe had to be held on his horse whilst he deliriously mumbled hisabject agreement to their every condition for peace.

Back in bed after his last conference he was brought the news thatJohn, for whom he had suffered all this, had joined the rebels' side.Two sons -- both rebels -- were dead, two sons -- both rebels --lived, and it was his bastard Geoffrey who now tended him in his lastsickness. There was not even a bishop in his suite to give him thelast rites. Over and again he cried out in agony "Shame! shame on avanquished king!"

After his death the servants plundered him, leaving him in a shirt anddrawers. When the marshall came to arrange the burial he had toscratch around for garments in which to dress the body. A bit ofthreadbare gold edging from a cloak was put around Henry's head torepresent his sovereignty.

And yet Henry had forseen it all. According to Gerald of Wales, he hadlong before ordered a fresco for one of his rooms at Winchester: thepicture showed an eagle being pecked by three eaglets, and a fourthperched on his head, ready to peck out his eyes when the time shouldcome. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes &Noble Books, New York, 1995]

First Plantaganet King of England (1154-1189), known as "Curt Mantel",was born at Le Mans, France, on March 15, 1133. At eighteen in 1151 hewas invested with the Duchy of Normandy, his mother's heritage, andwithin a year became also, by his father's death, Count of Anjou;while in 1152 he married Eleanor of Aquitaine, the daughter of WilliamX, Duke of Aquitaine, and divorced wife of King Louis VII. of France,added Poitou and Guienne to his dominions. In January 1153 he landedin England, and in November a treaty was agreed to whereby Henry wasdeclared successor to King Stephen; he was crowned in 1154 and ruleduntil his death in 1189. He confirmed the laws of his grandfather,King Henry I, reestablished the exchequer, banished the foreignmercenaries, demolished the hundreds of castles erected in Stephen'sreign, and recovered the royal estates. The whole of 1156 he spent inFrance, reducing his brother, Geoffrey of Nantes, who died in 1158,and having secured his territories, he spent the next five yearswarring and organizing his possessions on the Continent. Henry'sobjective was that of all Norman kings, to build up the royal power atthe expense of the barons and the church. From the barons his reformsmet with little serious opposition; with the clergy he was lesssuccessful.
To aid him in reducing the church to subjection, he appointed hischancellor, Thomas a Becket to the see of Canterbury. Henry compelledhim and the other prelates to agree to the 'Constitution ofClarendon', but Becket proved a sturdy churchman, and the strugglebetween him and the monarch terminated only by his murder. In 1174Henry did penance at Becket's tomb, but he ended by bringing thechurch to subordination in civil matters. Meanwhile he organized anexpedition to Ireland. The English Pope, Adrian IV, had in 1155 givenHenry authority over the entire island of Ireland; and a number ofNorman-Welsh knights had gained a footing in the country, among themRichard de Clare,
Earl of Pembroke, styled Strongbow, who in 1155 married the heiress ofLeinster and assumed rule as the Earl of Leinster. Henry was jealousat the rise of a powerful feudal baronage in Ireland, and during hisstay there (1171-1172) he broke the power of Richard Strongbow and theother nobles.

Henry had a natural son, William Longsword (Longespee), who becameEarl of Salisbury by marrying the Countess Ela, then aged twelve(1198). He was a councilor of John and commanded the English part ofthe army which Philip Augustus of France defeated at Bouvines (1214).He supported King John at Runnymede (1215), fought for Henry III. atLincoln and Sandwich (1217), and served with Hubert de Burgh as "rulerof the King and kingdom" (1222). He died in March, 1226. In 1188,while Henry II. was engaged in a war with Philip of France, Richardjoined the French King; and in 1189, Henry having lost Le Mans and thechief castles of Maine, agreed to a treaty of peace granting anindemnity to the followers of Richard. The sight of his favorite sonJohn in the list broke his heart; and he died at Chinon, on July 6,1189. On the whole, Henry was an able and enlightened sovereign, aclear-headed, unprincipled politician, and an able general; his reignwas one of great legal reforms. At its height, Henry's power had beengreater than that of any other European ruler and his position wascomparable to that of such Holy Roman Emperors as Charlemagne andFrederick Barbarossa. Eleanor died in 1202. Henry was succeeded by hissurviving son, John.

Buried in Fontevrault Abbey in Anjou.

"Henry II, founder of the Plantagenet dynasy, created a system ofgovernment in 1153 that was meant to bridge old differences with legalrationalism and halt new discord through monarchical continuity. In1161, the King urged the pope, Alexander III, to canonize Edward [theConfessor: Innocent III had turned down an earlier such request in1140]. We know his reasons from the petitions of the king and hiscounsellors. His lieutenants stressed that the disputes between theAnglo-Saxons and Normans, newly arisen under King Stephen, had to bepermanently suppressed; to that end, it would be helpful if an oldAnglo-Saxon ruler were advanced to the glories of sainthood by hisNorman successor. The King himself went even further, claiming to bepersonally related to the Confessor: 'It was I, descendant of hisblood, whom the Lord honoured and set upon the throne of the samekingdpm.' Henry II was the first king in Europe to trace his lineageback to a saintly ruler. "The fact that the blood relationship was farremoved made no difference; it established the dynasty's propinquityto God, even opposing papal encroachments and the aristocratic rightof dissent. Edward, who had propagated the good old laws, secured thelegitimacy of the Plantagents' legislation. Though they had originallybeen foreigners, the royal family eventually took permanent residencenear the tomb of the saint, an important step in consolidating theirstate. Henry's great-grandfather, William the Conquroer, had beencrowned in Westminster Abbey, and by 1140, following the example ofthe French royal Abbey of St. Denis, the Abbey had already begun toproclaim its ambitions, taking advantage of the aid of falsifieddocuments. Not until the canonization of King Edward, who was buriedthere, did Westminster really become the 'royal seat', the coronationand burial chapel of the English monarcy that it is today. The cult ofEdward, however, never departed from its dynastic framework; it. leftno traditions of the people.
"The news soon spread that the founder of a dynasty could legitimizehis successors by canonizing an ancestor. ..... "
--- Arno Horst, *Medieval Worlds*, English translation by Eric Hanse,
1991, p 134-4 (Univ of Chicago Pr; original German, 1988

Henry* married Eleanor* Of Aquitaine Queen of France & England ² in 1152 ².^,154 Eleanor* was born in 1121 in Chateau de Belin, Gironde, France,^² died on 31 Mar 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Tarn-et-Garonne, France^² at age 83, and was buried after 31 Mar 1204 in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France.^² Other names for Eleanor* were Eleanor de Acquitaine,² ^and154 of Aquitaine & Poitou Eleanor.²

i. Richard* the Lionheart Plantagenet King of England ² ^,154 was born on 8 Sep 1157^{²^,154} and died on 6 Apr 1199 in Chalus, Acquitane^{²^,154} at age 41.

32429776 ii. John* Plantagenet King of England ² ^,154 (born on 24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England - died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England)

Henry* next married Rosamond* de Clifford ²Rosamond* was born in 1136 in Clifford Castle, Clifford, Hertfordshire, England^² and died in 1176 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England^² at age 40. Another name for Rosamond* was "Fair Rosamond."

59377428 i. William* E. De Longespee ² (born before 1173 in Salisbury, England - died on 7 Mar 1226 in Salisbury Castle, Wiltishire, England)

64859553. Eleanor* Of Aquitaine Queen of France & England ² was born in 1121 in Chateau de Belin, Gironde, France,^² died on 31 Mar 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Tarn-et-Garonne, France^² at age 83, and was buried after 31 Mar 1204 in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France.^² Other names for Eleanor* were Eleanor de Acquitaine,² ^and154 of Aquitaine & Poitou Eleanor.²

General Notes: ELEANOR of Aquitaine Duchess of Aquitaine was born in 1122 in Chateau
de Belin, Guienne, France. She may have been born in Ombriere Palace,
Bordeaux. She died on 1 Apr 1204 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France.
Interred: Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France. She may have died inPoitiers.
Acceded: 19 Dec 1154, Westminster Abbey, London, England.

She accompanied Louis VII on the Second Crusade (1147-1149) Theybecame
estranged and the marriage was annulled in 1152. Two months later she
married Henry Plantagenet, who became Henry II, King of England(1154).

She encouraged and abetted a revolt by Henry's three eldest surviving
legitimate sons, Richard, Gregory and John, against their father. Shewas
imprisoned for nearly 15 years (1174-1189) and released upon Henry'sdeath.

During Richard I's reign (1189-1199) he was frequently absent from the
Kingdom, and she administered the affairs of the Realm. Even afterRichard
I died in 1199, she continued to exert influence and remained activein
political affairs when John Lackland became King. He was forced, byhis
rebellious Barons, to sign the Magna Carta in 1215.

Countess of Saintonge, Angoumois, Limousin, Auvergne, Bordeaux andAgen.
She was also Comtesse de Poitou. Other sources say she died 26 Jun1202.

Eleanor* married Henry* Plantagenet King of England ² ^,154 in 1152 ².^,154 Henry* was born on 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France,^² died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, France^² at age 56, and was buried on 8 Jul 1189 in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France.^² Another name for Henry* was "Curt Mantel."

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